Playing the clarinet beautifully starts with knowing how to assemble it properly, which includes learning how to put a reed on a clarinet. This seemingly simple task requires the right materials, precise placement, and a delicate touch. If you’re a beginner, mastering this technique will lay the foundation for your musical journey.
Before you begin, gather your materials: a new clarinet reed, a reed guard, and a damp cloth. The reed guard protects the delicate tip of the reed, while the damp cloth helps to soften it. Hold the clarinet body in one hand and the mouthpiece in the other. Wet the tip of the reed with the damp cloth, and then slide it onto the mouthpiece. Make sure that the flat side of the reed is facing the mouthpiece and that the tip is centered.
Next, secure the reed with the reed guard. The guard should fit snugly around the reed, but not so tightly that it crushes it. Gently tighten the screw on the reed guard to hold the reed in place. Finally, moisten the reed again with the damp cloth, and then assemble the clarinet by attaching the mouthpiece to the body.
Selecting the Right Reed
Choosing the correct reed is crucial for producing a clear, resonant sound on the clarinet. Here are some factors to consider:
Strength
Reed strength refers to its resistance to vibration. Stronger reeds produce a louder, brighter sound, while weaker reeds are easier to play and produce a softer, more mellow tone. The strength of the reed should match the player’s skill level and the musical style being played. Beginner clarinetists generally start with weaker reeds (e.g., 1.5-2.0) and gradually transition to stronger reeds as they develop their technique.
Length and Cut
The length and cut of the reed also affect its sound and playability. Longer reeds tend to produce a darker, fuller tone, while shorter reeds are more responsive and produce a brighter sound. The cut of the reed (e.g., American, French, German) determines its shape and flexibility, which can influence the reed’s resistance and response. Experimenting with different reed cuts can help players find a reed that better suits their embouchure and playing style.
Manufacturer and Aging
Different reed manufacturers use varying materials and production techniques, which can result in variations in reed quality and performance. It’s recommended to try reeds from multiple brands to find the ones that best resonate with your instrument and playing style. Additionally, the aging process can affect the reed’s flexibility and stability. Older reeds may be more difficult to play initially but can offer a richer, more nuanced sound over time.
| Reed Strength | Characteristics |
|---|---|
| 1.5-2.0 | Beginner-friendly, easier to play, softer tone |
| 2.5-3.0 | Intermediate level, moderate resistance, brighter sound |
| 3.5-4.0 | Advanced players, stronger resistance, louder and more vibrant tone |
Soaking the Reed
1. Prepare the water.
Fill a small container with lukewarm water. The temperature should be comfortable to the touch, not hot or cold. You can add a few drops of dish soap or reed moistening agent to the water to help soften the reed.
2. Soak the reed.
Place the reed in the water so that the tip is completely submerged. The reed will immediately start to absorb water and become more pliable. Keep the reed in the water for 5-10 minutes, or until it becomes soft and pliable. You can soak the reed for longer if it is particularly dry or hard.
3. Remove the reed from the water.
Once the reed is soaked, remove it from the water and gently shake off any excess water. Do not rub or squeeze the reed, as this can damage it. Place the reed on a clean, dry surface and allow it to air dry for a few minutes before playing it.
| Soaking Time | Water Temperature |
|---|---|
| 5-10 minutes | Lukewarm |
Wetting the Mouthpiece
The next step is to wet the mouthpiece. This is important because it will help the reed to seal properly against the mouthpiece and produce a better sound. To wet the mouthpiece, simply dip the tip of the mouthpiece in water for a few seconds. You can also use your saliva to wet the mouthpiece, but this is not as effective as using water.
Positioning the Reed
Once the mouthpiece is wet, you need to position the reed on the mouthpiece. The reed should be placed so that the flat side of the reed is against the mouthpiece and the curved side of the reed is facing you. The tip of the reed should be slightly below the tip of the mouthpiece.
Securing the Reed
Once the reed is positioned, you need to secure it to the mouthpiece. To do this, you will need to use a ligature. A ligature is a metal or plastic band that wraps around the mouthpiece and the reed. To secure the reed, simply tighten the ligature until the reed is held firmly in place.
Ligature options
There are two main types of ligatures: single-screw and double-screw. Single-screw ligatures are easier to use, but they can put uneven pressure on the reed, which can affect the sound. Double-screw ligatures are more difficult to use, but they provide more even pressure on the reed, which can result in a better sound.
| Ligature | Pros | Cons |
|---|---|---|
| Single-screw | Easy to use | Can put uneven pressure on the reed |
| Double-screw | More difficult to use | Provides more even pressure on the reed |
Aligning the Reed
Once you have trimmed and moistened the reed, it’s time to align it properly on the mouthpiece. Here’s how:
1. Find the Center of the Reed
Using your fingers, gently pinch the reed at the top and bottom. This will help you locate the center of the reed.
2. Align the Reed on the Mouthpiece
Place the reed on the mouthpiece, aligning the center of the reed with the center of the table. The table is the flat surface on the mouthpiece where the reed rests.
3. Square the Reed
Check that the reed is square to the mouthpiece. Hold the clarinet upright and look down at the reed from the top. If the reed is not square, adjust it until it is.
4. Slide the Ligature into Place
Take the ligature and slide it onto the mouthpiece over the reed. Gently tighten the ligature screw until the reed is securely held in place.
Be careful not to overtighten the ligature screw, as this can damage the reed or mouthpiece. The correct tightness should allow you to pull the reed gently up and down on the mouthpiece without it moving.
| Tip | Result |
|---|---|
| Center the reed on the mouthpiece for even response and intonation. | Improves sound quality |
| Square the reed to the mouthpiece for proper airflow and articulation. | Improves playability |
| Tighten the ligature screw moderately to secure the reed without damaging it. | Ensures stability and longevity of the reed |
Attaching the Reed
Once you have soaked your reed, it’s time to attach it to the mouthpiece. Here’s how to do it:
1. Wet the reed and the mouthpiece
Before you begin, wet both the reed and the mouthpiece with water. This will help the reed to stick to the mouthpiece and create a better seal.
2. Place the reed on the mouthpiece
Position the reed on the mouthpiece so that the tip of the reed is aligned with the tip of the mouthpiece. The reed should be slightly below the lip of the mouthpiece.
3. Secure the reed with a ligature
Place the ligature over the reed and mouthpiece and tighten it until the reed is securely held in place. Be careful not to overtighten the ligature, as this can damage the reed.
4. Check the reed for leaks
Once the ligature is tightened, check the reed for leaks. To do this, blow gently into the mouthpiece. If you hear any air escaping, the reed is not sealed properly and you will need to adjust the ligature.
5. Adjust the reed position
Once the reed is sealed properly, you may need to adjust its position to get the best sound. To do this, loosen the ligature slightly and move the reed up or down until you find the position that gives you the best sound. Once you have found the correct position, tighten the ligature again.
Adjusting the Height
Once the reed is placed on the mouthpiece and the ligature is tightened, you need to adjust the height of the reed. This will ensure that the reed vibrates correctly and produces a clear sound.
To adjust the height, gently squeeze the sides of the reed near the top, just below the ligature. This will lower the reed. To raise the reed, gently push up on the tip of the reed with your finger.
Tips for Adjusting the Reed Height
Here are some tips for adjusting the reed height:
- Start by setting the reed to a medium height.
- Play a note and listen to the sound. If the sound is too thin or airy, the reed is too low.
- If the sound is too muffled or fuzzy, the reed is too high.
- Make small adjustments until you find the height that produces a clear, balanced sound.
- Once you have found the correct height, tighten the ligature securely.
Table: Reed Height Settings
| Reed Height | Sound |
|---|---|
| Too low | Thin, airy |
| Medium | Clear, balanced |
| Too high | Muffled, fuzzy |
Ensuring Proper Fit
To secure a snug fit, apply moderate pressure to the reed with your thumb and index finger. The reed should rest evenly on the mouthpiece, with no gaps or overlaps. Check for even pressure by gently rocking the reed back and forth.
The reed’s tip should extend slightly beyond the mouthpiece’s tip. Trim the reed’s tip if it extends too far, as this can hinder articulation and response.
Ensure the reed’s long edges are parallel to the mouthpiece’s rails. This alignment promotes even vibration and stability.
Inspect the reed’s curvature. The reed should form a slight arc, with the top and bottom edges curving inward.
Check the reed’s facing for a flat, even surface. Any irregularities in the facing can affect the reed’s response and intonation.
Moisten the reed sufficiently to create a seal with the mouthpiece. Excessive moisture can waterlog the reed, impairing its vibration.
| Common Reed Fit Problems | Solutions |
|---|---|
| Reed too loose or too tight | Adjust the ligature screw to achieve a snug fit. |
| Reed not resting evenly | Realign the reed or adjust the ligature placement. |
| Reed tip extending too far | Trim the reed tip slightly using a sharp blade. |
| Reed edges not parallel to mouthpiece rails | Reposition the reed to ensure even alignment. |
| Reed curvature too flat or arched | Adjust the reed’s shape using a reed shaper or humidifier. |
| Reed facing uneven or rough | Sand the facing with a fine-grit sandpaper or use a reed facing tool. |
Testing the Sound
Once you’ve inserted the reed into the mouthpiece and tightened the ligature, it’s time to test the sound. Here are some tips:
- Blow gently into the mouthpiece. You should hear a clear, steady sound.
- Check for leaks by covering the tone holes with your fingers. If you hear air escaping, the reed may not be seated properly or there may be a leak somewhere in the clarinet.
- Adjust the tightness of the ligature until the sound is clear and free of leaks.
- Experiment with different reed strengths to find the one that produces the best sound for you.
- If you’re having trouble getting a good sound, consult with a clarinet teacher or repair technician.
- Be sure to handle your reed with care, as it is delicate and can easily be damaged.
- It’s a good idea to break in a new reed before playing it regularly. To do this, moisten the reed with saliva and play it gently for a few minutes each day.
- With proper care, a good reed can last for several months.
Troubleshooting Reed Problems
| Problem | Solution |
|---|---|
| Reed is too soft | Use a harder reed. |
| Reed is too hard | Use a softer reed. |
| Reed is leaking | Check for leaks in the mouthpiece, reed, or clarinet. |
| Reed is squeaking | Adjust the tightness of the ligature. |
Maintaining the Reed
Properly maintaining your reed will prolong its lifespan and improve the sound quality of your clarinet. Here are some tips for keeping your reed in top condition:
1. Wet the Reed
Before playing, thoroughly wet the reed by submerging it in water for approximately 10 minutes. This will soften the fibers and allow them to vibrate freely.
2. Dry the Reed
After playing, remove the reed from the clarinet and gently pat it dry with a clean cloth. Never use a hair dryer or other heat source to dry the reed, as this can damage it.
3. Store the Reed Properly
Store wet reeds in a reed case that provides a humid environment. Keep the case in a cool, dark place to prevent the reed from drying out or becoming moldy.
4. Inspect the Reed
Regularly inspect the reed for any signs of damage or wear. Look for cracks, chips, or unevenness. If the reed is damaged, replace it with a new one.
5. Clean the Reed
Clean the reed periodically by gently rubbing it with a soft cloth dampened with water. Do not use any harsh chemicals or detergents, as these can damage the reed.
6. Rotate Reeds
Use multiple reeds and rotate them regularly to extend their lifespan. This will prevent any one reed from becoming overused and wearing out prematurely.
7. Break in New Reeds
New reeds require a break-in period before they reach their optimal playing condition. Play the reed gently for short periods initially and gradually increase the playing time over the course of a few days.
8. Adjust the Reed
If the reed is too soft or too hard, it can be adjusted by gently scraping the tip or back with a reed knife. Use a light touch and make small adjustments at a time.
9. Advanced Reed Maintenance
For more advanced reed maintenance, consider the following techniques:
| Technique | Description |
|---|---|
| Reed Conditioning | Soaking the reed in a diluted solution of lemon juice or bleach to improve its responsiveness. |
| Reed Shaving | Using a sharp knife to carefully shave the sides or tip of the reed to alter its sound and playability. |
| Reed Profiling | Using a specialized tool to reshape the reed’s profile, allowing for precise adjustments to its sound and response. |
Troubleshooting Common Issues
1. The Reed Is Too Soft
If the reed is too soft, it will not produce a clear, strong sound. The reed should be firm enough to vibrate consistently without collapsing. Try using a harder reed or soaking the reed in water for a few minutes to soften it slightly.
2. The Reed Is Too Hard
If the reed is too hard, it will be difficult to blow through and produce a sound. The reed should be firm but flexible enough to vibrate easily. Try using a softer reed or sanding the tip of the reed lightly to soften it.
3. The Reed Is Not Wet Enough
If the reed is not wet enough, it will not vibrate properly and will produce a weak, raspy sound. Soak the reed in water for a few minutes before playing to ensure it is sufficiently moist.
4. The Reed Is Too Wet
If the reed is too wet, it will be difficult to blow through and produce a clear sound. Gently shake off any excess water before playing to reduce the moisture content.
5. The Reed Is Placed Incorrectly
The reed should be placed on the mouthpiece so that the tip of the reed is slightly below the tip of the mouthpiece. If the reed is placed too high or too low, it will not vibrate properly.
6. The Ligature Is Too Tight
The ligature should be tightened enough to hold the reed in place but not so tightly that it restricts the reed’s vibration. If the ligature is too tight, it can damage the reed.
7. The Ligature Is Too Loose
If the ligature is too loose, the reed may move around and produce a buzzing sound. Tighten the ligature until it is snug but not overly tight.
8. The Mouthpiece Is Not Clean
A dirty mouthpiece can interfere with the reed’s vibration and produce a weak or distorted sound. Clean the mouthpiece regularly with a soft cloth and disinfectant.
9. The Reed Is Damaged
If the reed is damaged, it will not vibrate properly and will produce a compromised sound. Inspect the reed for cracks or tears and replace it if necessary.
10. The Clarinet Is Not in Tune
If the clarinet is not in tune, the notes will not sound at the correct pitch. This can be caused by several factors, such as a loose or improperly placed cork, a leaky pad, or a misaligned mouthpiece. Check all of these components and make adjustments as needed.
| Common Issue | Solution |
|---|---|
| Reed too soft | Use a harder reed or soak in water |
| Reed too hard | Use a softer reed or sand the tip |
| Reed not wet enough | Soak in water for a few minutes |
| Reed too wet | Shake off excess water |
| Reed placed incorrectly | Adjust reed placement on mouthpiece |
How to Put a Reed on a Clarinet
1. Wet the reed in your mouth for a few seconds. This will help to soften it and make it more pliable.
2. Place the reed on the mouthpiece, with the tip of the reed pointing towards the mouthpiece opening.
3. Use your thumb and forefinger to press down on the sides of the reed, just above the mouthpiece. This will help to seat the reed on the mouthpiece.
4. Use the ligature to secure the reed in place. The ligature should be tight enough to hold the reed in place, but not so tight that it cuts off the airflow.
5. Test the reed by blowing into the mouthpiece. The reed should vibrate and produce a clear sound.
People Also Ask
How often should I change my clarinet reed?
The frequency with which you need to change your clarinet reed depends on how often you play and how well you take care of your reed. If you play regularly, you may need to change your reed every few weeks or months. If you take good care of your reed (by wetting it regularly and storing it in a protective case), it may last longer.
What are the signs that I need to change my clarinet reed?
There are a few signs that indicate that you need to change your clarinet reed. These signs include:
- The reed is starting to sound dull or muffled.
- The reed is not vibrating as well as it used to.
- The reed is starting to chip or crack.
- The reed is becoming difficult to play.
How can I make my clarinet reed last longer?
There are a few things you can do to make your clarinet reed last longer.
- Wet the reed regularly. This will help to keep the reed pliable and prevent it from cracking.
- Store the reed in a protective case. This will help to protect the reed from damage.
- Be careful not to overtighten the ligature. This can cut off the airflow and damage the reed.
- Avoid playing the clarinet in extreme temperatures. This can damage the reed.
