Alexander Hamilton’s Federalist Paper No. 10 is a pivotal document in the history of American political thought. Written in 1787, it argues for the ratification of the proposed Constitution and provides a powerful defense of federalism, a system of government in which power is divided between a central authority and regional or state governments. Hamilton’s insights into the nature of factions, the dangers of tyranny, and the importance of a strong central government have had a profound impact on the development of American democracy.
One of Hamilton’s central arguments in Federalist No. 10 is that factions, or groups of people with common interests, are a natural and inevitable part of society. However, he warns that factions can be dangerous to a democratic republic if they become too powerful or if they are allowed to control the government. Hamilton argues that a strong central government is necessary to control the power of factions and to protect the rights of individuals.
Hamilton also argues that federalism is the best way to protect individual rights and to prevent tyranny. He argues that a federal system of government divides power between different levels of government, which makes it more difficult for any one faction or group to become too powerful. Hamilton also argues that federalism allows for greater local autonomy and self-government, which is important for protecting the rights of individuals.
Style Guide for Citing The Federalist Papers
In-Text Citations
In-text citations for The Federalist Papers should include the paper number and paragraph number, separated by a period. For example: (Federalist 10.1).
If the citation includes a specific author, include the last name of the author after the paper number. For example: (Hamilton, Federalist 10.1).
If the citation includes multiple papers, separate the paper numbers with commas. For example: (Federalist 10, 15, 20).
Endnote and Bibliography Citations
Endnote and bibliography citations should include the following information:
- Author(s)
- Paper number
- Title of the paper (omitted for endnotes)
- Date of publication
The Federalist Papers were originally published in newspapers, so the date of publication should be the date the paper appeared in the newspaper. If the date is unknown, use the publication date of the collected edition.
Here is an example of an endnote citation:
10. Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay, Federalist 10, The Federalist Papers (New York: Modern Library, 2001), 59-61.
Here is an example of a bibliography citation:
Hamilton, Alexander, James Madison, and John Jay. The Federalist Papers. New York: Modern Library, 2001.
In-Text Citations
When citing The Federalist Paper 10 in-text, use the following format:
(Hamilton, [paragraph number])
Endnote Citations
When citing The Federalist Paper 10 in endnotes, use the following format:
| Author | Alexander Hamilton |
| Title | The Federalist No. 10 |
| Date published | November 22, 1787 |
| Source | The Federalist Papers, edited by Jacob E. Cooke (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1961). |
Example endnote citation:
1. Alexander Hamilton, The Federalist No. 10, in The Federalist Papers, ed. Jacob E. Cooke (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1961), 77–84.
Citations
For a full list of available in-text citations, please see the full Citation Guide.
The Federalist Papers
The following is the Chicago Manual of Style for citing The Federalist Papers (1787–1788):
- “Title of Essay.” The Federalist Papers, edited by Isaac Kramnick, 499–516. New York: Modern Library, 2001.
### Citing multiple essays
To cite multiple essays from The Federalist Papers:
| In-text citation | Reference list entry |
|---|---|
| Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay, The Federalist Papers, nos. 10, 51, and 84 | Hamilton, Alexander, James Madison, and John Jay. The Federalist Papers. Edited by Isaac Kramnick. New York: Modern Library, 2001. |
Identifying Author and Number
The authors of The Federalist Papers chose to publish their work anonymously, using pseudonyms to protect their identities. However, through historical research, it has been determined that Alexander Hamilton wrote Federalist Paper 10.
The numbering of The Federalist Papers is based on the order in which they were originally published in newspapers. Therefore, Federalist Paper 10 is the tenth essay in the series.
Determining Authorship
- Internal Evidence: The style, tone, and arguments presented in Federalist Paper 10 are consistent with Hamilton’s other writings.
- External Evidence: Contemporaneous accounts and later historical research have attributed the authorship of Federalist Paper 10 to Hamilton.
Confirming the Number
To confirm the number of a specific Federalist Paper, you can refer to the original publication dates and order of appearance, or consult a reputable reference source, such as the Library of Congress or the National Archives.
For example, Federalist Paper 10 was originally published in The Independent Journal on November 22, 1787. It is the tenth paper in the series, as indicated by its placement in the chronological order of publication.
Citing Multiple Papers
When citing multiple Federalist Papers in the same sentence or paragraph, use a semicolon to separate the citations. List the papers in numerical order.
Example:
The Federalist Papers 10 and 51 argue that a strong national government is necessary to protect the country from foreign invasion and to promote economic prosperity.
Citing a Range of Papers
To cite a range of Federalist Papers, use a hyphen between the first and last numbers in the range.
Example:
The Federalist Papers 10-14 discuss the powers of the federal government.
Citing a Paper by Author
If you are citing a Federalist Paper by its author, use the author’s last name followed by the paper number.
Example:
James Madison, Federalist Paper 10
Citing a Paper by Title
If you are citing a Federalist Paper by its title, use the title in quotation marks followed by the paper number.
Example:
“The Same Subject Continued,” Federalist Paper 10
Citing a Paper from a Collection
If you are citing a Federalist Paper from a collection, include the editor’s name and the title of the collection in your citation.
Example:
James Madison, “The Same Subject Continued,” in The Federalist Papers, edited by Clinton Rossiter (New York: New American Library, 1961).
| Citation Style | Example |
|---|---|
| Multiple Papers | (Federalist Nos. 10, 51) |
| Range of Papers | (Federalist Nos. 10-14) |
| Paper by Author | (Madison, Federalist No. 10) |
| Paper by Title | (“The Same Subject Continued,” Federalist No. 10) |
| Paper from a Collection | (Madison, “The Same Subject Continued,” in The Federalist Papers, ed. Clinton Rossiter [New York: New American Library, 1961]) |
Citing Paraphrases
When citing a paraphrase of The Federalist Paper 10, include the author’s last name (Hamilton), the paper’s number (10), and the page number(s) from the edition you are using. For example:
“According to Hamilton, a strong national government is necessary to protect individual rights.” (Hamilton, 10, 12)
Citing Quotations
When citing a direct quotation from The Federalist Paper 10, include the author’s last name (Hamilton), the paper’s number (10), the page number(s) from the edition you are using, and quotation marks around the quoted passage. For example:
“The true test of a good government is its ability to protect the rights of individuals.” (Hamilton, 10, 14)
Citing Paraphrases and Quotations from Different Editions
If you are using an edition of The Federalist Papers that does not include page numbers, you can cite the paragraph number instead. Here is an example of how to cite a paraphrase from such an edition:
“Hamilton argues that a strong national government is necessary to protect individual rights.” (Hamilton, 10, par. 1)
Here is an example of how to cite a quotation from such an edition:
“The true test of a good government is its ability to protect the rights of individuals.” (Hamilton, 10, par. 2)
| Citation Style | Example |
|---|---|
| MLA | Hamilton, Alexander. The Federalist Papers. No. 10. Ed. Jacob Cooke. New York: Everyman’s Library, 1999. 12-14. |
| Chicago | Hamilton, Alexander. The Federalist Papers. Ed. Jacob Cooke. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1961. 12-14. |
| APA | Hamilton, A. (1787). The Federalist Papers. In J. Cooke (Ed.), The Federalist Papers (pp. 12-14). Chicago: University of Chicago Press. |
Avoiding Plagiarism
Plagiarism is the act of using another person’s work without giving them credit. This can be done intentionally or unintentionally, but it is always considered学术不端行为. There are a few simple steps you can take to avoid plagiarism:
1. Cite your sources
Whenever you use information from another source, you must cite your source. This means giving the author’s name, the title of the work, and the date of publication. You can do this in a footnote, an endnote, or a parenthetical citation.
2. Use quotation marks
If you are using a direct quote from another source, you must put it in quotation marks. This will let the reader know that the words are not your own.
3. Paraphrase
If you are using information from another source, but you are not using a direct quote, you must paraphrase the information. This means putting the information in your own words. Be sure to change the sentence structure and the wording of the original passage.
4. Summarize
If you are using a lot of information from another source, you can summarize the information instead of paraphrasing it. This means giving a brief overview of the main points of the original passage.
5. Use a plagiarism checker
There are a number of plagiarism checkers available online. These checkers can scan your work for similarities to other sources. If the checker finds any similarities, it will flag them for you so that you can correct them.
6. Get help from a librarian or writing tutor
If you are not sure how to avoid plagiarism, you can get help from a librarian or writing tutor. They can help you understand the rules of citation and show you how to properly cite your sources.
7. Familiarize Yourself with Common Types of Plagiarism
To effectively avoid plagiarism, it’s crucial to be aware of its different forms. Here’s a classification of common plagiarism types:
| Type of Plagiarism | Description |
|---|---|
| Direct Plagiarism | Word-for-word copying of someone else’s work without proper citation. |
| Paraphrasing Plagiarism | Rephrasing or altering the original text without acknowledging the source. |
| Mosaic Plagiarism | Combining and paraphrasing ideas from various sources without proper citations. |
| Self-Plagiarism | Reusing one’s own previously published work without proper citation. |
| Accidental Plagiarism | Unintentional use of someone else’s work due to poor citation practices or lack of knowledge. |
Using Citation Management Software
Utilizing citation software is a convenient method to store, organize, and format citations for research projects. Here are the steps on how to cite The Federalist Paper 10 using citation management software:
1. Install a citation management software: Several options are available such as Zotero, Mendeley, or RefWorks.
2. Create an account: Register for an account on the software’s website.
3. Import the citation: Find the specific entry for The Federalist Paper 10 in the software’s database and import it into your library.
4. Add to your project: Create a new project or add the citation to an existing one.
5. Format the citation: Choose the desired citation style (e.g., MLA, APA, Chicago). The software will automatically format the citation according to the selected style.
6. Export or insert the citation: Export the citation in the selected style into your word processor or insert it directly into your document using the software’s plugin.
7. Update citations: If you make changes to the citation or add new references, the software will automatically update the citations throughout your document.
8. Additional features: Citation management software offers advanced features such as:
| Feature | Description |
|---|---|
| Auto-detection of references | Automates the process of extracting citations from PDFs or web pages. |
| Sharing and collaboration | Allows multiple users to work on the same project and share citations. |
| Note-taking and annotation | Enables users to add notes and annotations to citations for future reference. |
| Plugin integration | Provides compatibility with various word processors for seamless citation management. |
Formatting Considerations
1. Title
The Federalist Paper 10 should be cited using the following title: “The Same Subject Continued: The Unity of the Executive Power Vested in a Single Person”
2. Author
The author of The Federalist Paper 10 is James Madison.
3. Publication Date
The publication date of The Federalist Paper 10 is November 27, 1787.
4. Source
The source of The Federalist Paper 10 is The Federalist Papers, edited by Clinton Rossiter.
5. Page Number
The page number of The Federalist Paper 10 is 78-84.
6. Volume Number
The volume number of The Federalist Papers is 1.
7. Issue Number
The issue number of The Federalist Paper 10 is 10.
8. Database
The database in which The Federalist Paper 10 can be found is JSTOR.
9. Additional Information
In addition to the basic formatting considerations listed above, there are a few additional things to keep in mind when citing The Federalist Paper 10 in Chicago style:
- If you are citing a specific passage from The Federalist Paper 10, be sure to include the paragraph number in your citation.
- If you are citing more than one Federalist Paper, be sure to list them in chronological order.
-
When citing The Federalist Papers in a bibliography, use the following format:
Element Example Author Madison, James Title The Federalist Paper 10 Publication Date November 27, 1787 Source The Federalist Papers, edited by Clinton Rossiter Page Number 78-84 Volume Number 1 Issue Number 10 Database JSTOR
Sample Citations
In-Text Citations
According to The Federalist Paper 10, “the same essential interest exists in both cases.” Use this notion to explain Hamilton’s argument in this paper.
As Hamilton argues in The Federalist Paper 10, “liberty is to faction what air is to fire.”
Full Citations
Hamilton, Alexander. “Federalist Paper 10.” The Federalist Papers, by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay, edited by Jacob Cooke, 1788, pp. 55-63, https://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/fed10.asp.
Hamilton, Alexander. The Federalist Paper 10. Edited by Jacob Cooke, The Federalist Papers, 1788, pp. 55-63.
Chicago Manual of Style
Paper Format
Double-space the entire paper, including the title page, abstract, text, footnotes, and references.
Use 1-inch margins on all sides.
Use a standard font, such as Times New Roman, Arial, or Calibri, in 12-point size.
Citations
Use footnotes to cite sources in the text.
Number footnotes consecutively throughout the paper.
Use the following format for footnotes:
| Element | Format |
|---|---|
| Author’s name | Last name, first name |
| Title of the work | Title of the work |
| Edition | Ed. by editor’s name |
| Place of publication | City of publication |
| Publisher | Publisher’s name |
| Date of publication | Year of publication |
| Page numbers | p. or pp. followed by page numbers |
| Online sources | Include the URL and the date you accessed the source |
How to Cite the Federalist Paper 10 Using Chicago Style
When citing the Federalist Paper 10 in Chicago style, you will need to include the following information:
- Author’s name (if known)
- Title of the paper
- Number of the paper
- Date of publication
- Name of the publication
- Volume and issue numbers (if applicable)
- Page numbers (if applicable)
The following is an example of a Chicago-style citation for Federalist Paper 10:
Alexander Hamilton, "The Same Subject Continued: The Unity of the Executive Will," Federalist Paper No. 10, November 21, 1787, The Federalist, accessed September 10, 2023, http://www.thefederalistpapers.org/federalist-10.
People Also Ask About Chicago How to Cite the Federalist Paper 10
What is the Chicago style citation for Federalist Paper 10?
The Chicago style citation for Federalist Paper 10 is: Alexander Hamilton, “The Same Subject Continued: The Unity of the Executive Will,” Federalist Paper No. 10, November 21, 1787, The Federalist, accessed September 10, 2023, http://www.thefederalistpapers.org/federalist-10.
How do I cite the Federalist Papers in Chicago style?
To cite the Federalist Papers in Chicago style, you will need to include the following information: author’s name (if known), title of the paper, number of the paper, date of publication, name of the publication, volume and issue numbers (if applicable), and page numbers (if applicable). For example:
James Madison, "The Danger of Encroachments on the Just Authority of the Federal Government," Federalist Paper No. 45, February 12, 1788, The Federalist, accessed September 10, 2023, http://www.thefederalistpapers.org/federalist-45.
Where can I find the Federalist Papers online?
The Federalist Papers are available online at the following websites:
