Flaring tools are essential pieces of equipment for any plumber or HVAC technician. They are used to create a flared end on a copper pipe, which allows it to be connected to a fitting. Flaring tools come in a variety of sizes and styles, but they all work on the same basic principle. In this article, we will discuss how to use a flaring tool to create a perfect flare on a copper pipe.
Before you begin, you will need to gather the following tools and materials:
* A flaring tool
* A copper pipe
* A pipe cutter
* A deburring tool
* Sandpaper
* A flaring block
* A hammer
Once you have gathered your tools and materials, you can begin the process of flaring a copper pipe. First, cut the pipe to the desired length using a pipe cutter. Next, deburr the edges of the pipe using a deburring tool. This will help to prevent the pipe from splitting when it is flared. Sand the end of the pipe lightly to remove any burrs or imperfections. Finally, insert the pipe into the flaring block and tighten the set screw. Position the flaring tool over the pipe and begin to tighten the nut. As you tighten the nut, the flaring tool will expand the end of the pipe and create a flare.
How To Use A Flaring Tool
Preparing the Copper Tube
Preparing the copper tube for flaring is a crucial step to ensure a successful and leak-proof connection. Follow these detailed steps to prepare the tube properly:
- Cut the tube squarely: Use a sharp tube cutter to cut the tube to the desired length. Ensure the cut is perpendicular to the tube’s axis, creating a clean and square edge.
- Remove burrs and edges: Use a deburring tool or a fine-tooth file to remove any burrs or sharp edges from the inside and outside of the cut end. This will prevent the tube from snagging or tearing during the flaring process.
- Clean the tube end: Clean the inside and outside of the cut end with a clean rag and rubbing alcohol. This removes dirt, grease, or any contaminants that could interfere with the flaring process.
- Mark the flaring point: Measure and mark the appropriate flaring point on the tube. The flaring point typically ranges from 1/4 to 1/2 inch from the cut end, depending on the tube size and fitting requirements.
- Anneal the tube end: If the tube is made of hard copper, it is recommended to anneal the flaring point to soften the metal and make it more malleable. Use a propane torch to heat the flaring point until it glows dull red, then let it cool slowly. This process will make the copper more pliable and less likely to crack during flaring.
| Tube Size | Recommended Flaring Length |
|---|---|
| 1/4 inch | 1/4 inch |
| 3/8 inch | 3/8 inch |
| 1/2 inch | 1/2 inch |
| 5/8 inch | 5/8 inch |
Selecting the Correct Flaring Head
Choosing the right flaring head is crucial to achieve a successful flare. Here are the key factors to consider:
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Tube Material: Flaring heads are designed for specific tube materials, such as copper, aluminum, and steel. Choose a head that is compatible with your tube material to avoid damage or poor flaring results.
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Tube Diameter: The flaring head must fit the outer diameter of the tube. It’s important to measure the tube’s diameter accurately and select a head that has a corresponding size.
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Flare Type: There are different types of flares, including 45-degree single flares, 37-degree double flares, and SAE bubble flares. Each type of flare requires a specific flaring head.
Refer to the table below for a comparison of common flaring heads:
| Flare Type | Flaring Head Type |
|---|---|
| 45-Degree Single Flare | Cone-shaped head with a 45-degree angle |
| 37-Degree Double Flare | Two-piece head with a 37-degree angle on each side |
| SAE Bubble Flare | Spherical-shaped head that creates a bubble-shaped flare |
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Head Construction: Flaring heads are often made of hardened steel, stainless steel, or brass. The material should be durable and resistant to wear and tear to ensure long-lasting performance.
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Handle: The flaring head handle should be comfortable to grip and provide sufficient leverage for flaring the tube. Look for handles with ergonomic designs and non-slip materials.
Inserting the Tube into the Tool
1. Choose the correct flaring tool for the size and type of tubing you will be flaring.
2. Clean the end of the tube to remove any burrs or dirt. This will help to ensure a good seal when you flare the tube.
3. Insert the tube into the flaring tool. The tube should be inserted all the way into the tool, until it reaches the stop.
| Tip for inserting the tube |
|---|
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4. Tighten the clamp on the flaring tool to hold the tube in place.
5. You are now ready to flare the tube.
Tightening the Cone
Tightening the cone is essential to ensuring a secure and leak-free connection during the flaring process. Follow these steps carefully:
1. **Place the cone into the flaring tool:** Align the cone with the center of the flaring block. Ensure that the cone is facing the correct direction, typically with the wider end facing the pipe end that will be flared.
2. **Lubricate the cone:** Apply a small amount of lubricant to the cone’s surface. This will reduce friction and make it easier to tighten the cone.
3. **Tighten the cone using a wrench:** Use a wrench to tighten the cone by turning it clockwise. Apply gradual pressure and tighten the cone firmly, but avoid overtightening.
4. **Tightening Torque:**
| Flare Size | Tightening Torque (ft-lbs) |
|---|---|
| 1/4″ | 15-20 |
| 3/8″ | 25-30 |
| 1/2″ | 35-40 |
| 3/4″ | 50-60 |
| 1″ | 70-80 |
Applying Pressure
Applying appropriate pressure while flaring is crucial for ensuring a successful connection. Here are the steps to follow for optimal pressure application:
1. Ensure a Secure Grip
Hold the flaring tool firmly with both hands. Position one hand on the handle and the other on the end of the tube, just above the cone.
2. Calibrate the Tool
Adjust the flaring tool to the correct flaring depth and angle for the specific tubing material and size you are working with.
3. Insert the Tube
Insert the end of the tube into the flaring cone of the tool. Make sure it is centered and pushed in until it touches the stop collar.
4. Apply Gradual Pressure
Using both hands, start applying gradual pressure to the tube by slowly pushing down on the handle. As the tube begins to flare, continue applying steady pressure until the desired flare is achieved.
5. Monitor the Flare
Pay attention to the flare as it forms. Look for cracks or distortions, and adjust the pressure as needed to prevent damage to the tube. Here is a table summarizing the pressure levels for different tube materials:
| Tube Material | Pressure Range |
|---|---|
| Copper | 50-100 lbs |
| Aluminum | 10-20 lbs |
| Stainless Steel | 100-150 lbs |
6. Release Pressure
Once the desired flare is achieved, slowly release the pressure on the tube by lifting your hands from the handle. This will allow the flare to cool and set.
Rotating the Tool
Now, let’s delve into the crucial step of rotating the flaring tool. Follow these detailed instructions for a flawless execution.
1. Hold the Tool Securely
Grip the flaring tool firmly in both hands, ensuring that it is positioned perpendicular to the pipe end. Make sure your fingers are clear of the rotating parts.
2. Align the Tool
Align the flaring tool’s jaws with the pipe end’s circumference. Ensure that the jaws are evenly spaced around the pipe.
3. Tighten the Jaws
Tighten the jaws of the flaring tool gradually using the tightening nut. Apply even pressure until the jaws firmly grip the pipe.
4. Rotate the Tool
Using a flaring wrench or a pair of pliers, carefully rotate the flaring tool clockwise. Rotate it smoothly and steadily, applying gentle pressure. Avoid over-tightening the tool, as this can damage the pipe.
5. Check the Flare
As you rotate the tool, observe the formation of the flare. Ensure that the flare is even and symmetrical all around the pipe end.
6. Tighten the Flare
Once the flare is formed, tighten the flare nut to secure it. Use a torque wrench to apply the appropriate amount of torque, as specified in the manufacturer’s instructions. This ensures a leak-proof connection.
**Caution:**
- Always use a flaring tool designed specifically for the type of pipe you are working with.
- Inspect the flaring tool regularly to ensure that it is in good working condition.
- Wear proper safety gear, including safety glasses and gloves, when using a flaring tool.
| Step | Description |
|---|---|
| 1 | Hold the tool securely |
| 2 | Align the tool |
| 3 | Tighten the jaws |
| 4 | Rotate the tool |
| 5 | Check the flare |
| 6 | Tighten the flare |
Checking the Flare
Before you start flaring, it’s important to check the flare to make sure it’s in good condition. To do this, follow these steps:
- Inspect the flare for any cracks, dents, or other damage. If the flare is damaged, it should not be used.
- Check the flare’s expiration date. Flares have a limited shelf life, and they should not be used after their expiration date.
- Make sure the flare is the correct type for your boat. There are different types of flares available, so you need to make sure you have the right one for your boat.
- Ensure the flare is properly stored. Flares should be stored in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight.
- Familiarize yourself with the instructions on the flare. Each flare is different, so it’s important to read the instructions before using it.
- Practice using the flare before you actually need it. This will help you become familiar with the process and make it more likely that you’ll be able to use the flare successfully in an emergency.
- Keep the flare in an easily accessible location on your boat. You never know when you might need to use it, so it’s important to have it within reach.
By following these steps, you can help ensure that your flare is in good condition and that you’ll be able to use it effectively in an emergency.
Removing the Tube
1. **Grip the tube firmly.** Use a pair of pliers or a tube cutter to grip the tube just below the flare.
2. **Unscrew the nut.** Use a wrench to unscrew the nut that holds the tube in place.
3. **Pull the tube out.** Once the nut is loose, pull the tube out of the fitting.
4. **Inspect the tube.** Check the tube for any damage. If the tube is damaged, it should be replaced.
5. **Clean the tube.** Use a clean cloth to remove any dirt or debris from the tube.
6. **Reinstall the tube.** Insert the tube into the fitting.
7. **Tighten the nut.** Use a wrench to tighten the nut that holds the tube in place.
8. **Check for leaks.** Use a soap and water solution to check for leaks around the flare. If there are any leaks, tighten the nut further.
Measuring the Flare
To ensure a perfect seal, it’s crucial to measure the flare accurately. Use a tubing flare gauge to measure the flare diameter and thickness.
| Flare Size | Outside Diameter | Thickness |
|---|---|---|
| 1/4 inch | 0.375 inch | 0.035 inch |
| 3/8 inch | 0.500 inch | 0.049 inch |
| 1/2 inch | 0.625 inch | 0.065 inch |
| 3/4 inch | 0.750 inch | 0.083 inch |
| 1 inch | 1.000 inch | 0.109 inch |
Inspecting the Flare
9. Inspect the Flare for Defects
Before proceeding, it’s crucial to thoroughly inspect the flare for any potential defects. Pay special attention to the following aspects:
a. Surface Finish: The flare’s exterior should be smooth and free of any rough edges or burrs. Check for any scratches, dents, or other imperfections that could weaken the material.
b. Material Integrity: Ensure that the flare’s material is intact and not compromised. Look for any cracks, splits, or other signs of damage. If you notice any abnormalities, discard the flare and use a new one.
c. Shape and Symmetry: The flare should have a symmetrical and consistent shape. Check the diameter and thickness throughout the flare to ensure it is uniform. Asymmetry or irregularities could result in uneven flaring and potential safety hazards.
d. Thread Condition: Examine the threads on the flare’s interior. They should be clean, free of any debris, and not damaged. Any imperfections in the threads could affect the flare’s ability to engage properly with the tube.
e. Fitting Compatibility: Before attaching the flare to the tube, verify that it is the correct size and type for your particular application. A poorly fitting flare can leak or potentially fail.
f. Cleanliness: Ensure that the flare and any mating surfaces are free of dirt, grease, or other contaminants. These substances can interfere with adhesion and lead to poor flaring results.
Finishing Touches
1. Remove Burrs and Sharp Edges
Once you’ve flared the end of the pipe, use a file or deburring tool to remove any rough edges or burrs created during the process. This will prevent any cuts or discomfort while handling the pipe.
2. Clean the Flaring Tool
Wipe down the flaring tool with a clean cloth to remove any residual copper or debris before storing it. This will help keep the tool in good condition and prevent corrosion.
3. Inspect the Flare
Examine the flared end of the pipe to ensure it is properly formed, with an even flare on both sides of the pipe. If the flare is not symmetrical or has any imperfections, you may need to reflare the end or consult a professional.
4. Protective Coating
Apply a thin layer of protective coating to the flared end of the pipe to prevent corrosion and oxidation. This could be a sealant, epoxy, or other suitable product.
5. Insert the Fitting
Insert the flared end of the pipe into the appropriate fitting or component. Ensure that the flare is seated properly to create a tight and leak-free seal.
6. Tighten the Connection
Using a wrench or torque tool, tighten the connection between the flared end of the pipe and the fitting according to the manufacturer’s specifications. Avoid overtightening, as this can damage the flare or the fitting.
7. Pressure Test
Conduct a pressure test on the flared connection to verify that it is leak-free. Apply pressure to the system and inspect for any leaks or drops in pressure.
8. Final Inspection
Once the pressure test is complete, re-inspect the flared connection and ensure that it is properly seated and tightened. Make any necessary adjustments if required.
9. Label the Connection
Label the flared connection or pipe for future reference to indicate the flared end and its purpose. This will help prevent confusion during maintenance or repairs.
10. Maintenance and Monitoring
Regularly check the flared connections over time to ensure they remain tight and leak-free. If any signs of wear, corrosion, or leaks are observed, perform necessary maintenance or consult a professional. This includes periodic visual inspections, pressure tests, and retightening of connections as needed.
How To Use A Flaring Tool
A flaring tool is a specialized tool used to create flares on the ends of metal tubing. Flares are used to create a seal between a tube and a fitting, and they can also be used to increase the strength of a joint. Flaring tools come in a variety of sizes and shapes, and each type is designed for a specific size and type of tubing.
To use a flaring tool, first you need to select the correct die for the size and type of tubing you are using. Once you have selected the correct die, you need to insert the tubing into the flaring tool and tighten the collet. Next, you need to turn the handle of the flaring tool to flare the tubing. The amount of flaring that you need to create will depend on the type of fitting that you are using.
Once you have flared the tubing, you can insert it into the fitting and tighten the nut. Be sure to tighten the nut until it is snug, but do not overtighten it. If you overtighten the nut, you could damage the fitting or the tubing.
People Also Ask About How To Use A Flaring Tool
What is a flaring tool used for?
A flaring tool is used to create flares on the ends of metal tubing. Flares are used to create a seal between a tube and a fitting, and they can also be used to increase the strength of a joint.
What size flaring tool do I need?
The size of flaring tool that you need will depend on the size and type of tubing you are using. Flaring tools come in a variety of sizes and shapes, and each type is designed for a specific size and type of tubing.
How do I use a flaring tool?
To use a flaring tool, first you need to select the correct die for the size and type of tubing you are using. Once you have selected the correct die, you need to insert the tubing into the flaring tool and tighten the collet. Next, you need to turn the handle of the flaring tool to flare the tubing. The amount of flaring that you need to create will depend on the type of fitting that you are using.
