Referencing is an important part of academic writing, and Endnote is a popular reference management software that can help you to easily create and manage your references. If you’re using Microsoft Word on a Mac, you can add references from Endnote to your document with just a few clicks.
Here’s how to do it: First, you need to make sure that you have the Endnote plug-in installed in Word. Once you have the plug-in installed, you can open your Word document and click on the “References” tab. In the “Citations & Bibliography” group, you’ll see a button that says “Add Citation.” Click on this button and select “Add from Endnote.”
A dialog box will appear, listing all of the references in your Endnote library. Select the references that you want to add to your document and click on the “Insert” button. The references will be added to your document in the correct format, and you can continue writing your paper without having to worry about formatting your references.
Importing EndNote Library into Word
Importing your EndNote library into Word for Mac makes it easy to insert citations and bibliographies into your documents. Follow the steps below to streamline your referencing process:
1. Install the EndNote Plugin
Before you can import your EndNote library, you need to install the EndNote plugin for Word. Once the plugin is installed, it will create an “EndNote” tab in the Word ribbon. Here’s how to install the plugin:
- Open Word and go to the “Tools” menu.
- Select “Add-ins” and click on the “Manage” button.
- In the “Add-ins” dialog box, select “COM Add-ins” from the dropdown menu and click on “Go.”
- Check the box next to the “EndNote Cite While You Write” add-in and click on “OK.”
Now that the plugin is installed, you can proceed to import your EndNote library.
2. Import Your EndNote Library
To import your EndNote library into Word, click on the “EndNote” tab and select “Import Library” from the “File” submenu. In the “Import Library” dialog box, navigate to your EndNote library (.enl) file and click on “Open.”
Once imported, your EndNote library will be available in Word’s “EndNote” pane. From here, you can insert citations and create bibliographies with ease.
Inserting References from EndNote X9 to Word
Once installed, EndNote X9 will provide you with the ability to seamlessly insert references into your Word document. Begin by highlighting the desired location within your text where you’d like to insert a reference. Next, navigate to the EndNote X9 tab that has been added to your Word ribbon menu. Click the “Insert Citation” button, and a pop-up dialogue box will appear. Utilize this box to locate the specific reference you would like to insert. You can search for the reference by author, title, or keyword.
Formatting Options
| Format | Example |
|---|---|
| Citation | (Author, Year) |
| Bibliography | References |
| Citation Style | APA, MLA, Chicago |
EndNote X9 enables you to customize the appearance of your references and bibliography. Select the “Format Bibliography” option from the EndNote X9 menu to open the “Bibliography Settings” dialogue box. Here, you can choose your preferred citation style, edit the bibliography title, and specify how references are numbered and indented.
Managing References using EndNote X9
To start working with references, you first need to import a reference library or create a new one. Once you have a reference library, you can create new references, edit existing references, and organize your references into groups.
To create a new reference, click the “New Reference” button in the EndNote X9 toolbar. To edit an existing reference, select the reference in the Reference Manager and click the “Edit Reference” button in the toolbar. To create a new group, click the “New Group” button in the Reference Manager. To add references to a group, select the references and drag them into the group.
You can also use EndNote X9 to insert references into your Word documents. To do this, select the reference in the Reference Manager and click the “Insert Citation” button in the toolbar. You can also use the “Insert Bibliography” button to insert a bibliography into your document.
Working with Word Documents
Once you have inserted references into your Word document, you can manage them using the EndNote X9 toolbar. The toolbar provides you with buttons for inserting citations, inserting bibliographies, and editing references. You can also use the toolbar to search for references and to create new groups.
To insert a citation, place the cursor where you want the citation to appear in your document and click the “Insert Citation” button in the EndNote X9 toolbar. To insert a bibliography, place the cursor where you want the bibliography to appear in your document and click the “Insert Bibliography” button in the toolbar.
To edit a reference, select the reference in the Word document and click the “Edit Reference” button in the EndNote X9 toolbar. The reference will open in the Reference Manager, where you can make changes to the reference information.
Inserting Citations and Bibliographies
You can insert citations and bibliographies into your Word documents using the following methods:
| Method | How to |
|---|---|
| Insert Citation from EndNote Library to Word Document |
|
| Insert Bibliography from EndNote Library to Word Document |
|
| Edit Citation or Bibliography |
|
Citing References in EndNote
EndNote allows you to create a reference library and insert citations into your Word document in various styles, such as APA, MLA, or Chicago.
Creating a Reference Library
Start by creating a new EndNote library or opening an existing one. Add references to your library by manually entering the information or importing references from databases, websites, or reference management tools like Google Scholar or JSTOR.
Word Integration
To integrate EndNote with Microsoft Word on Mac, you can use the EndNote toolbar within Word.
Installing EndNote Toolbar
Download the EndNote plug-in for Word and install it according to the instructions. After installation, you should see the EndNote toolbar in the Word ribbon.
Inserting Citations
To insert a citation, select the location in your document where you want the citation to appear. Click on the “Insert Citation” button in the EndNote toolbar. Select the desired reference from the list and click “Insert.” EndNote will automatically format the citation according to the selected style.
Managing Citations
Using the EndNote toolbar, you can easily manage your citations. You can add new references, edit existing ones, or remove them from the document. You can also preview the full reference information for each citation.
Additional Features
Additional features of the EndNote toolbar in Word include:
| Feature | Description |
|---|---|
| Format Bibliography | Automatically generates a formatted bibliography at the end of the document. |
| Sync with EndNote Library | Keep the citations in your document and the EndNote library synchronized. |
| Find and Replace Citations | Search and replace citations in the document easily. |
Formatting References with EndNote Styles
EndNote styles are pre-defined formats that determine the appearance of your citations and bibliography. To apply an EndNote style to your Word document, follow these steps:
1. Click on the EndNote tab in the Word ribbon.
2. Click on the Style drop-down menu.
3. Select the desired style from the list.
4. Click on the Update Citations and Bibliography button.
5. Customizing EndNote Styles
You can customize EndNote styles to meet your specific needs. To do this, follow these steps:
| Step | Action |
|---|---|
| 1 | Click on the EndNote tab in the Word ribbon. |
| 2 | Click on the Edit & Manage Styles button. |
| 3 | Select the style you want to customize from the list on the left. |
| 4 | Make your desired changes to the style settings on the right. |
| 5 | Click on the OK button to save your changes. |
Creating Citation Preview in Word
Once you have successfully inserted references into your Word document, you can preview how they will appear in the final document. Here’s how to create a citation preview in Word:
- Click the References tab in the Word ribbon.
- In the Citations & Bibliography group, click the Citation Preview button.
- A preview of your citations will appear in the Citation Preview pane on the right side of the Word window.
- You can customize the citation preview by selecting different citation styles from the drop-down menu in the Style field.
- You can also use the Options button to modify the formatting of your citations.
- Once you are satisfied with the appearance of your citations, click the Close button to close the Citation Preview pane.
Additional Details on Customization Options:
The Options button allows you to further customize the formatting of your citations. By clicking on the Options button, you can access the Citation Preview Options dialog box, which provides the following options for customization:
| Option | Description |
|---|---|
| Font | Allows you to change the font used for the citations. |
| Font size | Allows you to change the font size of the citations. |
| Line spacing | Allows you to change the line spacing of the citations. |
| Margins | Allows you to set the margins for the citations. |
Synchronizing References between EndNote and Word
To ensure seamless integration and automatic updating of references between EndNote and Word, follow these steps:
1. Install the EndNote CWYW Plugin
Download and install the EndNote Cite While You Write (CWYW) plugin from EndNote’s website to establish a connection between the two applications.
2. Open EndNote and Word Simultaneously
Launch both EndNote and Word on your Mac to enable communication and synchronization between them.
3. Enable the CWYW Toolbar
In Word, navigate to the “View” tab and select “Toolbars.” Tick the “EndNote” checkbox to display the CWYW toolbar.
4. Set Up Bibliography Defaults
In EndNote, under the “Edit” menu, choose “Output Styles” and select the desired citation style. This will determine the format of your references in Word.
5. Insert References
Click on the “Insert Citation” button on the CWYW toolbar to browse and insert references from your EndNote library into Word.
6. Format References
The inserted references will be automatically formatted according to the chosen citation style. You can further customize the formatting using the options on the CWYW toolbar.
7. Automatic Update of References
With the CWYW plugin enabled, any changes made in your EndNote library (e.g., formatting adjustments, new references added) will automatically update the corresponding references in your Word document. This ensures consistency and accuracy in your citations.
| Before CWYW Plugin Installation | After CWYW Plugin Installation |
|---|---|
| Manual insertion of references | Automated reference insertion via “Insert Citation” button |
| No automatic formatting | Automatic citation formatting based on selected style |
| Inefficient updating of references | Seamless and automatic updating of references from EndNote library |
Using EndNote with Microsoft Word 2016
Follow these steps to add references from EndNote to Word on a Mac:
- Open EndNote and Word: Launch EndNote and Microsoft Word 2016 on your Mac.
- Install EndNote Plugin: If not already installed, go to the “Tools” menu in Word and select “EndNote X8…” > “Install Cite While You Write.” This will add the EndNote tab to Word’s ribbon.
- Create a Group: In EndNote, create a new group for the references you want to use. Select the references and click “File” > “New Group from Selected References.”
- Insert EndNote Tab: Click the “EndNote X8…” tab in Word’s ribbon.
- Add Group: Click “Insert Selected Group” and select the group you created in Step 3.
- Insert Citations: Place the cursor where you want the citation to appear and click “Insert Citation.” Select the desired citation style and choose the reference to insert.
- Create Bibliography: Click “Insert Bibliography” to generate a bibliography at the end of your document.
- Manage Citations and Bibliography: Use the EndNote tab to edit, update, or remove citations and bibliography entries. Click “Update Citations and Bibliography” to apply any changes made in EndNote to your Word document.
8. Manage Citations and Bibliography
EndNote allows you to easily manage your citations and bibliography within Word. Here’s how:
| Function | Steps |
|---|---|
| Edit Citation | Right-click a citation and select “Edit Citation.” |
| Remove Citation | Right-click a citation and select “Remove Citation.” |
| Update Bibliography | Click “Update Citations and Bibliography” in the EndNote tab, or press “Ctrl+Alt+F9.” |
| Change Citation Style | Click “Change Citation Style” in the EndNote tab. |
EndNote for Word Toolbar
The EndNote for Word toolbar provides quick access to commonly used EndNote commands. It is located in the EndNote tab of the Microsoft Word ribbon. The toolbar contains the following buttons:
- Insert Citation: Inserts a citation into the document at the current cursor location.
- Edit Citation: Allows you to edit the selected citation.
- Manage Citations: Opens the EndNote Cite While You Write window, which allows you to manage all citations in the document.
- Format Bibliography: Formats the bibliography according to the selected style.
- Sync: Synchronizes the EndNote library with the Word document.
EndNote X9 Cite While You Write Window
The Cite While You Write window provides a comprehensive interface for managing citations in Word. It includes the following features:
- Search for and insert references: Use the search bar to find references from your EndNote library and insert them into the document.
- Manage citations: View, edit, and remove citations in the document.
- Format bibliography: Select the desired bibliography style and click the “Format Bibliography” button.
- Sync with EndNote library: Keep the EndNote library and Word document in sync by clicking the “Sync” button.
Advanced Reference Management in Word with EndNote
- Customizing Bibliography Styles
EndNote allows you to customize bibliography styles to meet your specific requirements. You can modify the following elements:
Element
Description
Citation format
The appearance of citations in the text
Bibliography format
The appearance of the bibliography
Field codes
The specific information included in citations and bibliography entries
To customize a style, open the EndNote X9 Cite While You Write window, click the “Style” button, and select “Edit Style.” You can then make the desired changes and save the customized style.
- Managing Multiple Bibliographies
EndNote allows you to create and manage multiple bibliographies for different documents or projects. Each bibliography can have its own citation style and set of references.
To create a new bibliography, open the EndNote X9 Cite While You Write window, click the “File” menu, and select “New Bibliography.” You can then add references to the new bibliography and format it according to the desired style.
- Inserting Images and Tables
EndNote allows you to insert images and tables from your EndNote library into Word documents. To do this, open the EndNote X9 Cite While You Write window, select the reference containing the image or table, and click the “Insert” button. You can then choose to insert the image or table as a linked or embedded object.
Troubleshooting EndNote-Word Integration on Mac
1. Ensure Compatibility Between EndNote, Word, and macOS
Verify that you are running compatible versions of EndNote, Word, and macOS. Refer to EndNote’s support website for specific system requirements.
2. Check EndNote Preferences
Open EndNote and navigate to Edit > Preferences > Word Processor Integration. Ensure that “Microsoft Word (Mac)” is selected as the default word processor and that the correct version is specified.
3. Verify Word Preferences
Open Word and go to Tools > EndNote X9. Select “Enable EndNote Integration” and check if the correct version of EndNote is detected.
4. Disable Other Plugins
Disable any unnecessary plugins or add-ins in both EndNote and Word to avoid conflicts.
5. Reset Word
Hold down the Shift key while launching Word to reset it to its default settings. This could resolve any corruption in Word.
6. Remove Formatted Bibliography
If you inserted a bibliography using EndNote but manually formatted it, remove it and insert a new one using EndNote to ensure proper citation updates.
7. Update Styles
Make sure you have the latest EndNote styles installed. Navigate to Tools > Update Styles in EndNote to check for updates.
8. Check Formatting
Ensure that your Word document is formatted using the “Normal” style to avoid formatting conflicts with EndNote.
9. Reinstall EndNote
If all else fails, uninstall EndNote and reinstall it to fix any corruption in the installation.
10. Advanced Troubleshooting
Issue
Solution
Word crashes when inserting citations
Check if Word is running in 32-bit mode. Switch to 64-bit mode or use a 32-bit version of EndNote.
In-text citations are not updating
Ensure that the Update Citations option is enabled in EndNote > Edit > Preferences > Cite While You Write.
Bibliography not appearing in Word
Check if the Show Bibliography Field option is enabled in EndNote > Edit > Preferences > Word Processor Integration.
How to Add References from EndNote to Word on Mac
Here’s a detailed guide on adding references from EndNote to Word on Mac:
- Open your EndNote library and select the references you want to add to your Word document.
- Choose “Edit > Copy Formatted” from the EndNote menu.
- Open your Word document and place the cursor where you want to insert the references.
- Go to the “Edit” menu in Word and select “Paste Special”.
- In the “Paste Special” dialog box, select “RTF” from the “As” dropdown menu.
- Click “OK” to insert the references into your Word document.
- EndNote will automatically create a bibliography at the end of your document.
People Also Ask About
How do I add references from EndNote to Word on Mac?
Follow the steps outlined in the guide above to add references from EndNote to Word on Mac.
How do I create a bibliography in Word using EndNote on Mac?
EndNote will automatically create a bibliography at the end of your document when you insert references from EndNote to Word.
How do I manage citations in Word using EndNote on Mac?
EndNote provides a variety of tools for managing citations in Word, including the ability to insert, edit, and format citations and create bibliographies.
EndNote allows you to customize bibliography styles to meet your specific requirements. You can modify the following elements:
| Element | Description |
|---|---|
| Citation format | The appearance of citations in the text |
| Bibliography format | The appearance of the bibliography |
| Field codes | The specific information included in citations and bibliography entries |
To customize a style, open the EndNote X9 Cite While You Write window, click the “Style” button, and select “Edit Style.” You can then make the desired changes and save the customized style.
- Managing Multiple Bibliographies
EndNote allows you to create and manage multiple bibliographies for different documents or projects. Each bibliography can have its own citation style and set of references.
To create a new bibliography, open the EndNote X9 Cite While You Write window, click the “File” menu, and select “New Bibliography.” You can then add references to the new bibliography and format it according to the desired style.
- Inserting Images and Tables
EndNote allows you to insert images and tables from your EndNote library into Word documents. To do this, open the EndNote X9 Cite While You Write window, select the reference containing the image or table, and click the “Insert” button. You can then choose to insert the image or table as a linked or embedded object.
Troubleshooting EndNote-Word Integration on Mac
1. Ensure Compatibility Between EndNote, Word, and macOS
Verify that you are running compatible versions of EndNote, Word, and macOS. Refer to EndNote’s support website for specific system requirements.
2. Check EndNote Preferences
Open EndNote and navigate to Edit > Preferences > Word Processor Integration. Ensure that “Microsoft Word (Mac)” is selected as the default word processor and that the correct version is specified.
3. Verify Word Preferences
Open Word and go to Tools > EndNote X9. Select “Enable EndNote Integration” and check if the correct version of EndNote is detected.
4. Disable Other Plugins
Disable any unnecessary plugins or add-ins in both EndNote and Word to avoid conflicts.
5. Reset Word
Hold down the Shift key while launching Word to reset it to its default settings. This could resolve any corruption in Word.
6. Remove Formatted Bibliography
If you inserted a bibliography using EndNote but manually formatted it, remove it and insert a new one using EndNote to ensure proper citation updates.
7. Update Styles
Make sure you have the latest EndNote styles installed. Navigate to Tools > Update Styles in EndNote to check for updates.
8. Check Formatting
Ensure that your Word document is formatted using the “Normal” style to avoid formatting conflicts with EndNote.
9. Reinstall EndNote
If all else fails, uninstall EndNote and reinstall it to fix any corruption in the installation.
10. Advanced Troubleshooting
Issue
Solution
Word crashes when inserting citations
Check if Word is running in 32-bit mode. Switch to 64-bit mode or use a 32-bit version of EndNote.
In-text citations are not updating
Ensure that the Update Citations option is enabled in EndNote > Edit > Preferences > Cite While You Write.
Bibliography not appearing in Word
Check if the Show Bibliography Field option is enabled in EndNote > Edit > Preferences > Word Processor Integration.
How to Add References from EndNote to Word on Mac
Here’s a detailed guide on adding references from EndNote to Word on Mac:
- Open your EndNote library and select the references you want to add to your Word document.
- Choose “Edit > Copy Formatted” from the EndNote menu.
- Open your Word document and place the cursor where you want to insert the references.
- Go to the “Edit” menu in Word and select “Paste Special”.
- In the “Paste Special” dialog box, select “RTF” from the “As” dropdown menu.
- Click “OK” to insert the references into your Word document.
- EndNote will automatically create a bibliography at the end of your document.
People Also Ask About
How do I add references from EndNote to Word on Mac?
Follow the steps outlined in the guide above to add references from EndNote to Word on Mac.
How do I create a bibliography in Word using EndNote on Mac?
EndNote will automatically create a bibliography at the end of your document when you insert references from EndNote to Word.
How do I manage citations in Word using EndNote on Mac?
EndNote provides a variety of tools for managing citations in Word, including the ability to insert, edit, and format citations and create bibliographies.
EndNote allows you to create and manage multiple bibliographies for different documents or projects. Each bibliography can have its own citation style and set of references.
To create a new bibliography, open the EndNote X9 Cite While You Write window, click the “File” menu, and select “New Bibliography.” You can then add references to the new bibliography and format it according to the desired style.
- Inserting Images and Tables
EndNote allows you to insert images and tables from your EndNote library into Word documents. To do this, open the EndNote X9 Cite While You Write window, select the reference containing the image or table, and click the “Insert” button. You can then choose to insert the image or table as a linked or embedded object.
Troubleshooting EndNote-Word Integration on Mac
1. Ensure Compatibility Between EndNote, Word, and macOS
Verify that you are running compatible versions of EndNote, Word, and macOS. Refer to EndNote’s support website for specific system requirements.
2. Check EndNote Preferences
Open EndNote and navigate to Edit > Preferences > Word Processor Integration. Ensure that “Microsoft Word (Mac)” is selected as the default word processor and that the correct version is specified.
3. Verify Word Preferences
Open Word and go to Tools > EndNote X9. Select “Enable EndNote Integration” and check if the correct version of EndNote is detected.
4. Disable Other Plugins
Disable any unnecessary plugins or add-ins in both EndNote and Word to avoid conflicts.
5. Reset Word
Hold down the Shift key while launching Word to reset it to its default settings. This could resolve any corruption in Word.
6. Remove Formatted Bibliography
If you inserted a bibliography using EndNote but manually formatted it, remove it and insert a new one using EndNote to ensure proper citation updates.
7. Update Styles
Make sure you have the latest EndNote styles installed. Navigate to Tools > Update Styles in EndNote to check for updates.
8. Check Formatting
Ensure that your Word document is formatted using the “Normal” style to avoid formatting conflicts with EndNote.
9. Reinstall EndNote
If all else fails, uninstall EndNote and reinstall it to fix any corruption in the installation.
10. Advanced Troubleshooting
Issue
Solution
Word crashes when inserting citations
Check if Word is running in 32-bit mode. Switch to 64-bit mode or use a 32-bit version of EndNote.
In-text citations are not updating
Ensure that the Update Citations option is enabled in EndNote > Edit > Preferences > Cite While You Write.
Bibliography not appearing in Word
Check if the Show Bibliography Field option is enabled in EndNote > Edit > Preferences > Word Processor Integration.
How to Add References from EndNote to Word on Mac
Here’s a detailed guide on adding references from EndNote to Word on Mac:
- Open your EndNote library and select the references you want to add to your Word document.
- Choose “Edit > Copy Formatted” from the EndNote menu.
- Open your Word document and place the cursor where you want to insert the references.
- Go to the “Edit” menu in Word and select “Paste Special”.
- In the “Paste Special” dialog box, select “RTF” from the “As” dropdown menu.
- Click “OK” to insert the references into your Word document.
- EndNote will automatically create a bibliography at the end of your document.
People Also Ask About
How do I add references from EndNote to Word on Mac?
Follow the steps outlined in the guide above to add references from EndNote to Word on Mac.
How do I create a bibliography in Word using EndNote on Mac?
EndNote will automatically create a bibliography at the end of your document when you insert references from EndNote to Word.
How do I manage citations in Word using EndNote on Mac?
EndNote provides a variety of tools for managing citations in Word, including the ability to insert, edit, and format citations and create bibliographies.
EndNote allows you to insert images and tables from your EndNote library into Word documents. To do this, open the EndNote X9 Cite While You Write window, select the reference containing the image or table, and click the “Insert” button. You can then choose to insert the image or table as a linked or embedded object.
Troubleshooting EndNote-Word Integration on Mac
1. Ensure Compatibility Between EndNote, Word, and macOS
Verify that you are running compatible versions of EndNote, Word, and macOS. Refer to EndNote’s support website for specific system requirements.
2. Check EndNote Preferences
Open EndNote and navigate to Edit > Preferences > Word Processor Integration. Ensure that “Microsoft Word (Mac)” is selected as the default word processor and that the correct version is specified.
3. Verify Word Preferences
Open Word and go to Tools > EndNote X9. Select “Enable EndNote Integration” and check if the correct version of EndNote is detected.
4. Disable Other Plugins
Disable any unnecessary plugins or add-ins in both EndNote and Word to avoid conflicts.
5. Reset Word
Hold down the Shift key while launching Word to reset it to its default settings. This could resolve any corruption in Word.
6. Remove Formatted Bibliography
If you inserted a bibliography using EndNote but manually formatted it, remove it and insert a new one using EndNote to ensure proper citation updates.
7. Update Styles
Make sure you have the latest EndNote styles installed. Navigate to Tools > Update Styles in EndNote to check for updates.
8. Check Formatting
Ensure that your Word document is formatted using the “Normal” style to avoid formatting conflicts with EndNote.
9. Reinstall EndNote
If all else fails, uninstall EndNote and reinstall it to fix any corruption in the installation.
10. Advanced Troubleshooting
| Issue | Solution |
|---|---|
| Word crashes when inserting citations | Check if Word is running in 32-bit mode. Switch to 64-bit mode or use a 32-bit version of EndNote. |
| In-text citations are not updating | Ensure that the Update Citations option is enabled in EndNote > Edit > Preferences > Cite While You Write. |
| Bibliography not appearing in Word | Check if the Show Bibliography Field option is enabled in EndNote > Edit > Preferences > Word Processor Integration. |
How to Add References from EndNote to Word on Mac
Here’s a detailed guide on adding references from EndNote to Word on Mac:
- Open your EndNote library and select the references you want to add to your Word document.
- Choose “Edit > Copy Formatted” from the EndNote menu.
- Open your Word document and place the cursor where you want to insert the references.
- Go to the “Edit” menu in Word and select “Paste Special”.
- In the “Paste Special” dialog box, select “RTF” from the “As” dropdown menu.
- Click “OK” to insert the references into your Word document.
- EndNote will automatically create a bibliography at the end of your document.
People Also Ask About
How do I add references from EndNote to Word on Mac?
Follow the steps outlined in the guide above to add references from EndNote to Word on Mac.
How do I create a bibliography in Word using EndNote on Mac?
EndNote will automatically create a bibliography at the end of your document when you insert references from EndNote to Word.
How do I manage citations in Word using EndNote on Mac?
EndNote provides a variety of tools for managing citations in Word, including the ability to insert, edit, and format citations and create bibliographies.
