Impulse sprinklers are a popular choice for watering lawns and gardens because they are relatively inexpensive, easy to install, and require minimal maintenance. However, like all mechanical devices, impulse sprinklers can occasionally malfunction. One of the most common problems is that the sprinkler will not adjust properly. If you are having this problem, there are a few things you can do to try to fix it.
First, check to make sure that the water pressure is adequate. Impulse sprinklers require a minimum water pressure of 20 psi to operate properly. If the water pressure is too low, the sprinkler will not be able to rotate properly. You can check the water pressure by using a water pressure gauge. If the water pressure is too low, you will need to contact your water utility company to have it increased.
If the water pressure is adequate, the next thing to check is the sprinkler head. The sprinkler head is the part of the sprinkler that rotates and sprays the water. If the sprinkler head is clogged or damaged, it will not be able to rotate properly. You can clean the sprinkler head by removing it from the sprinkler body and soaking it in a solution of water and vinegar. If the sprinkler head is damaged, you will need to replace it with a new one.
Identifying Impulse Sprinkler Components
Impulse sprinklers are an essential part of many irrigation systems. They are designed to deliver water to a specific area in a controlled and efficient manner. Impulse sprinklers consist of several key components that work together to achieve this goal.
Sprinkler Head
The sprinkler head is the most visible part of the sprinkler. It is responsible for distributing the water to the desired area. Sprinkler heads can be made of various materials, such as plastic, metal, or rubber. They come in a variety of shapes and sizes, each designed for a specific purpose. The sprinkler head typically has a rotating arm that is powered by the water pressure. This arm swings back and forth, distributing the water in a circular or square pattern.
Sprinkler Head Types
There are two main types of sprinkler heads: pop-up sprinklers and fixed sprinklers. Pop-up sprinklers are designed to retract into the ground when not in use. This helps to protect them from damage and vandalism. Fixed sprinklers remain in place above the ground. They are often used in areas where there is limited space or where it is difficult to install pop-up sprinklers.
| Sprinkler Head Type | Advantages | Disadvantages |
|---|---|---|
| Pop-up sprinklers | – Protected from damage and vandalism | – Can be more difficult to adjust |
| Fixed sprinklers | – Easy to adjust | – More susceptible to damage and vandalism |
Safely Turning Off Water Supply
To ensure your safety when adjusting your impulse sprinkler, it is crucial to turn off the water supply beforehand. Follow these steps to do so safely:
- Locate the main water valve: It is usually located near the street or in the basement. Look for a handle or lever labeled “Main Water Valve.”
- Turn off the water supply: Turn the valve clockwise until it is fully closed. You may need to use a wrench to apply additional force.
- Check for leaks: Open a faucet in your home to release any remaining water pressure. If you notice any leaks, tighten the valve or call a plumber for assistance.
Additional Details for Step 2: Turning Off the Water Supply
| Valve Type | Instructions |
|---|---|
| Lever valve | Push the lever down until it stops. |
| Gate valve | Turn the handle clockwise until it is fully closed. |
| Globe valve | Turn the wheel clockwise until it stops. |
Note: If you have multiple water sources for your home, you may need to shut off each supply individually.
Removing Old Sprinkler Head
To remove an old sprinkler head, you will need a wrench or a pair of pliers.
- First, turn off the water supply to the sprinkler.
- Next, use the wrench or pliers to loosen the nut that holds the sprinkler head in place.
- Once the nut is loose, you can pull the sprinkler head straight up and out of the ground.
If the sprinkler head is stuck, you may need to use a little bit of force to remove it. Be careful not to damage the sprinkler head or the pipe that it is connected to. Once the sprinkler head is removed, you can install the new sprinkler head.
| Tools needed | Steps |
|---|---|
| Wrench or pliers | Turn off water supply |
| Loosen nut | |
| Pull sprinkler head straight up |
Connecting New Sprinkler Head
To connect a new sprinkler head, follow these steps:
1. Mark the Spot
Using a sprinkler marker or spray paint, mark the location of the new sprinkler head.
2. Dig Down
Dig a hole deep enough to accommodate the sprinkler head and riser (if needed).
3. Insert the Riser (if required)
For pop-up sprinklers, insert the riser into the hole and adjust its height to the desired level.
4. Attach the Sprinkler Head
a) **Screw-On Type:** Screw the sprinkler head onto the riser, ensuring a snug fit.
b) **Bayonet Type:** Align the bayonet slots on the sprinkler head with the corresponding slots on the riser and push down firmly to secure.
c) **Snap-On Type:** Push the sprinkler head onto the riser until it snaps into place.
5. Engage the Impeller
For gear-driven sprinklers, insert the impeller into the gear box on the sprinkler body.
6. Connect the Water Line
Attach the water line to the sprinkler head using the appropriate connectors.
7. Adjust the Rotation
Turn on the water supply and adjust the rotation angle of the sprinkler head as desired.
8. Test the Sprinkler
Once the sprinkler is connected and adjusted, run it for a few minutes to ensure proper operation.
Adjusting Spray Radius
Adjusting the spray radius of an impulse sprinkler allows you to control the area it covers. Follow these steps to adjust the spray radius:
- Turn off the water supply to the sprinkler.
- Locate the radius adjustment screw on the top of the sprinkler. It is usually a small, slotted screw.
- Use a screwdriver to turn the screw clockwise to decrease the spray radius or counterclockwise to increase the spray radius.
- One-quarter turn of the screw typically adjusts the spray radius by about 5 feet (1.5 meters).
- Turn on the water supply and observe the spray pattern. Make further adjustments until the desired spray pattern is achieved.
Troubleshooting Spray Radius Adjustments
| Problem | Possible Cause | Solution |
|---|---|---|
| The spray radius is too short | The radius adjustment screw is turned too far clockwise | Turn the screw counterclockwise to increase the radius |
| The spray radius is too long | The radius adjustment screw is turned too far counterclockwise | Turn the screw clockwise to decrease the radius |
| The spray pattern is uneven | The sprinkler head is not level | Level the sprinkler head by adjusting the base |
| The sprinkler head is leaking | The O-ring or gasket needs to be replaced | Replace the O-ring or gasket |
Setting Spray Arc
Adjusting the spray arc allows you to control the area that the sprinkler covers. Follow these steps to adjust the spray arc:
1. Locate the adjustment screw.
The adjustment screw is usually located on the top of the sprinkler head. It may be covered by a cap or plug.
2. Remove the cap or plug.
Use a screwdriver or other tool to remove the cap or plug that is covering the adjustment screw.
3. Turn the adjustment screw.
Use a screwdriver or other tool to turn the adjustment screw. Turning the screw clockwise will decrease the spray arc, while turning it counterclockwise will increase the spray arc.
4. Observe the spray pattern.
Turn on the sprinkler and observe the spray pattern. Adjust the screw as necessary to achieve the desired spray pattern.
5. Replace the cap or plug.
Once you have achieved the desired spray pattern, replace the cap or plug that covers the adjustment screw.
6. Additional Tips
| Tip | Description |
|---|---|
| Use a wider spray arc for larger areas. | A wider spray arc will cover a larger area, but it will also reduce the amount of water that is applied per square foot. |
| Use a narrower spray arc for smaller areas. | A narrower spray arc will cover a smaller area, but it will also increase the amount of water that is applied per square foot. |
| Overlapping spray patterns can help to ensure even coverage. | Adjusting the spray arcs of adjacent sprinklers so that they overlap slightly can help to ensure that the entire area is covered evenly. |
Adjusting Spray Distance
Adjusting the spray distance of an impulse sprinkler requires careful attention to ensure optimal coverage and water conservation. Here are the steps involved:
1. Locate the Spray Distance Adjusting Screw
On the top of the sprinkler head, you will find the spray distance adjusting screw. It is typically a small, slotted or hex-head screw.
2. Determine the Current Setting
Before making any adjustments, note the current position of the screw. This will provide a reference point for future adjustments.
3. Turn the Screw Counterclockwise to Increase Distance
To increase the spray distance, turn the screw counterclockwise. Each turn will extend the spray range by a certain amount, depending on the sprinkler model.
4. Turn the Screw Clockwise to Decrease Distance
To decrease the spray distance, turn the screw clockwise. This will shorten the spray range and direct the water closer to the sprinkler.
5. Check the Coverage
After making adjustments, turn on the sprinkler and observe the spray pattern. Ensure that the water reaches all desired areas without overspraying.
6. Fine-Tune the Adjustment
If the coverage is not optimal, fine-tune the adjustment by turning the screw in small increments until the desired spray pattern is achieved.
7. Recommended Spray Distance Settings for Different Types of Lawns
| Lawn Type | Spray Distance (ft) |
|---|---|
| Bermuda | 15-18 |
| Kentucky Bluegrass | 10-12 |
| Fescue | 12-15 |
| Ryegrass | 10-12 |
| Zoysia | 14-16 |
Leveling Sprinkler Head
Ensuring that your sprinkler head is level is crucial for proper irrigation. Follow these steps to level it:
1. Turn Off Water Supply
Close the main water valve or shut off the water supply to the sprinkler system.
2. Remove Sprinkler Head
Use a sprinkler head removal tool to gently twist and pull the sprinkler head out of the riser.
3. Inspect the Riser
Check the top of the riser for any damage or debris. Clean it if necessary.
4. Place Sprinkler Head on Level
Set a level on top of the riser and adjust the sprinkler head until it is level in both directions.
5. Mark Leveling Position
With the sprinkler head level, mark its position on the riser using a pencil or marker.
6. Level the Base
Hold the sprinkler head upside down and place a level on its base. Adjust the base until it is level.
7. Reattach Sprinkler Head
Align the marked position on the riser with the base and gently push the sprinkler head back into place.
8. Adjust Leveling Screw
Most impulse sprinklers have a leveling screw located at the side or bottom of the head. Use a screwdriver to adjust this screw until the head is level even when the water is turned on. To do this:
| Rotation | Adjustment |
|---|---|
| Clockwise | Raises the head |
| Counterclockwise | Lowers the head |
Note: Perform this adjustment while water is flowing through the sprinkler to ensure proper leveling.
Re-Connecting Water Supply
After servicing or replacing the impulse sprinkler head, it’s crucial to reconnect the water supply to restore water flow. Follow these steps to ensure a secure and functional connection:
1. Prepare the Connection Point
Clean any dirt or debris from the water inlet and sprinkler’s threaded connection point.
2. Apply Pipe Sealant or Thread Tape
Wrap pipe sealant or thread tape around the threads of the sprinkler’s inlet pipe.
3. Insert the Inlet Pipe
Insert the inlet pipe into the sprinkler’s connection point and hand-tighten it.
4. Use a Wrench to Tighten
Use a wrench to further tighten the connection but avoid overtightening, as this can damage the sprinkler or inlet pipe.
5. Check for Leaks
Open the water valve supplying water to the sprinkler and check for any leaks. Tighten the connection as needed to stop any water seepage.
6. Adjust Water Flow
If the water flow is not as desired, you can adjust the sprinkler’s flow screw. Turn the screw clockwise to decrease flow or counterclockwise to increase flow.
7. Inspect Sprinkler Operation
Observe the sprinkler’s spray pattern and range to ensure proper coverage and adjustment.
8. Clean Up
Remove any excess pipe sealant or thread tape from the connection point.
9. Regularly Monitor and Adjust
Over time, water pressure fluctuations and debris buildup can affect sprinkler performance. Regularly inspect the sprinkler, clean any blockages, and adjust the flow or range as necessary to ensure optimal watering.
Troubleshooting Common Issues
1. Sprinkler head not rotating
Check for and clear any obstructions in the nozzle or water path. Ensure the water pressure is within the proper range for the sprinkler. Adjust the radius of the sprinkler head if it is hitting obstructions.
2. Sprinkler head not popping up
Make sure the water pressure is sufficient to raise the sprinkler head. Inspect the riser pipe for cracks or damage. Check the filter screen for clogs and clean it.
3. Uneven water distribution
Adjust the nozzle size and radius of the sprinkler heads to ensure they overlap slightly. Check for any water leaks or damage to the sprinkler system that may cause uneven distribution.
4. Sprinkler head leaking
Inspect the O-rings and gaskets for wear or damage and replace as needed. Check the water pressure and adjust it within the proper range for the sprinkler head.
5. Sprinkler head spraying in the wrong direction
Adjust the head’s alignment and ensure it is facing the correct direction. Check for any obstructions blocking the water flow.
6. Sprinkler head not rising to full height
Clean the riser pipe and inspect for any damage or obstructions. Adjust the water pressure, as increased pressure can prevent the sprinkler head from rising fully.
7. Sprinkler head spraying too high or low
Adjust the nozzle angle and height to control the spray height. Ensure the sprinkler head is level and not tilted, as this can affect the spray angle.
8. Water pooling around sprinkler head
Check for any drainage issues in the area around the sprinkler head. Adjust the radius or nozzle size of the sprinkler head if necessary. Consider adding a drain or dry well to improve drainage.
9. Sprinkler head freezing in winter
Drain the sprinkler system completely before the arrival of freezing temperatures. Remove the sprinkler heads and store them in a warm, dry place.
10. Sprinkler head has broken or missing parts
Inspect the sprinkler head carefully for any broken or missing parts, such as the nozzle, riser pipe, or cap. Replace damaged parts with manufacturer-recommended replacements. Ensure all parts are correctly assembled and tightened before operating the sprinkler system.
How To Adjust Impulse Sprinkler
Impulse sprinklers are a type of sprinkler that uses a pulsating motion to distribute water. They are often used in residential and commercial landscaping applications. Impulse sprinklers can be adjusted to change the spray pattern, radius, and height of the water stream.
To adjust an impulse sprinkler, first, locate the adjustment screws. These screws are typically located on the top or side of the sprinkler. Once you have located the adjustment screws, you can use a screwdriver to make the necessary adjustments.
To adjust the spray pattern, turn the adjustment screw clockwise to widen the spray pattern or counterclockwise to narrow the spray pattern. To adjust the radius of the spray, turn the adjustment screw clockwise to increase the radius or counterclockwise to decrease the radius. To adjust the height of the water stream, turn the adjustment screw clockwise to increase the height or counterclockwise to decrease the height.
Once you have made the desired adjustments, tighten the adjustment screws to secure the settings.
People Also Ask
How do I change the nozzle on an impulse sprinkler?
To change the nozzle on an impulse sprinkler, first remove the old nozzle by unscrewing it from the sprinkler body. Then, screw the new nozzle onto the sprinkler body, making sure to tighten it securely.
How do I fix a leaking impulse sprinkler?
To fix a leaking impulse sprinkler, first, check the O-rings and gaskets for wear or damage. If the O-rings or gaskets are worn or damaged, they will need to be replaced. You can also try tightening the packing nut to stop the leak.
How do I adjust the arc of an impulse sprinkler?
To adjust the arc of an impulse sprinkler, locate the arc adjustment screw on the sprinkler body. Then, use a screwdriver to turn the screw clockwise to decrease the arc or counterclockwise to increase the arc.
