The art of packing a parachute is a crucial skill for any skydiver, as it ensures the safe and proper deployment of the canopy. The process requires meticulous attention to detail and an understanding of the equipment’s functionality. By adhering to established techniques and guidelines, skydivers can minimize the risk of malfunctions and increase their confidence while in the air.
To begin the packing process, the parachute canopy is carefully laid out on the ground, ensuring that the lines are free of tangles. The pilot chute, a small secondary canopy that assists in the main canopy’s deployment, is then attached to the suspension lines at the top of the main canopy. The lines are then connected to the risers, which are the straps that attach the canopy to the skydiver’s harness. The risers are adjusted to the appropriate length, ensuring that the canopy will open at the desired altitude.
Once the canopy is secured, the lines are carefully folded and packed into the parachute container. This process requires precision and care, as any misalignment can lead to a malfunction. The lines are folded in a specific sequence, ensuring that they will deploy smoothly and evenly when the main canopy is opened. The container is then secured with a series of straps and buckles, ensuring that the canopy will remain securely packed until deployment.
Selecting the Right Parachute
Choosing the appropriate parachute is critical for a safe and enjoyable skydiving experience. Here are key factors to consider when selecting your parachute:
Canopy Size
The canopy size, measured in square feet, determines the speed and descent rate of your parachute. Generally, larger canopies provide more stability and slower descent, while smaller canopies offer faster descent for more maneuverability. Your body weight and intended use (e.g., recreational, competition) will influence the ideal canopy size.
Canopy Shape
Parachutes come in various shapes, including round, square, and elliptical. Each shape has distinct characteristics:
| Shape | Characteristics |
|---|---|
| Round | Stable, slow descent, easy to handle |
| Square | Faster descent, higher maneuverability, more responsive |
| Elliptical | Combination of round and square characteristics, offering both stability and maneuverability |
Line Length
The length of the canopy suspension lines affects the stability and flight characteristics of the parachute. Longer lines provide more stable flight, while shorter lines allow for increased maneuverability and faster descent.
Preparing the Parachute
Laying Out the Parachute
1. Open the parachute container and remove the parachute.
2. Find the canopy pocket and deployment bag within the parachute.
3. Unfold the canopy and canopy lines, ensuring they are untangled and free of debris.
4. Place the canopy on the ground in a circular shape, with all the suspension lines radiating outward.
Packing the Canopy
1. Gather all the suspension lines together at the center of the canopy.
2. Form a bundle, known as the “wad,” by wrapping the suspension lines around each other tightly.
3. Secure the wad with a rubber band or cord to prevent it from unraveling.
4. Fold the canopy into a concertina or “S” shape, bringing the leading edge and trailing edge together.
Inserting the Canopy into the Deployment Bag
Before inserting the canopy, check the deployment bag for any holes or tears. Ensure the bag’s lines are not tangled.
1. Tuck the canopy’s trailing edge into the deployment bag’s opening and work it in gradually.
2. Continue pushing the canopy into the bag, ensuring it fills the space evenly without creating any creases.
3. Pull the suspension lines out through the deployment bag’s suspension line ports and secure them with line stoppers or velcro tabs.
Folding the Canopy
1. Inspect the Canopy
Before folding, thoroughly inspect the canopy for any tears, holes, or damage. If any damage is discovered, it is crucial to refrain from using the parachute and seek professional repairs immediately.
2. Spread the Canopy
Lay the canopy flat on the ground, ensuring that the lines are not twisted or tangled. Orient the canopy with the apex facing towards you and the trailing edge facing away.
3. Folding Sequence
The folding sequence for a parachute canopy typically involves a series of specific folds:
| Step | Description |
|---|---|
| 1 | Create a midline by folding the canopy in half lengthwise, aligning the leading edges of the right and left halves. |
| 2 | Fold the top half of the canopy down to the midline and tuck the trailing edge under the bottom half. |
| 3 | Fold the canopy into thirds perpendicular to the midline, bringing the leading edges of the three panels together. |
| 4 | Repeat step 3 to fold the canopy into sixths, then into twelfths, and finally into twenty-fourths. |
| 5 | Continue folding in this manner until the canopy is small enough to fit into the packing bag. |
Packing the Reserve
Bagging the Parachute
Lay the reserve container bag flat and ensure that the flaps are folded open. The reserve parachute can be packed using one of two methods, the “taco fold method” or the “concertina fold method.”
Taco Fold Method
* Take the reserve parachute canopy and fold it in half, bringing the trailing edge together with the leading edge.
* Fold the resulting bundle in half again, creating a “taco” shape.
* Tuck the suspension lines into the “taco” and close the bag.
Concertina Fold Method
* Collapse the parachute canopy by folding it accordion-style, starting from one side and working towards the other.
* Roll up the collapsed canopy and tuck the suspension lines into the center.
* Place the rolled-up canopy into the reserve bag and close it.
Installing the Parachute
* Insert the reserve bridle into the bridle attachment rings on the harness.
* Connect the reserve bag to the bridle strap using the hook-and-loop closure.
* Tighten the bridle strap to ensure that the reserve bag is securely attached but not so tight as to restrict the deployment of the reserve.
Packing the Reserve Handle
* Route the reserve handle cable through the handle carrier and pull it all the way through until the reserve handle is completely deployed.
* Fold the reserve handle and tuck it into the reserve handle pocket.
Harnessing the Parachute
Once the canopy is secured, you can attach it to the parachute harness. The harness is a system of straps that combines with a comfort pad or seatboard to form the assembly that the skydiver wears. The harness is made up of two leg loops and two shoulder straps, which are joined in the front by a chest strap. There is a small, hook-shaped metal connector on the front of the chest strap that is used to attach to the canopy. Once the canopy is connected, the pilot puts on the harness and thigh straps and adjusts them to fit tightly. The excess material is gathered in loops and secured with elastic bands. The skydiver buckles his or her thighs and chest straps, then puts on a helmet, altimeter, and any other necessary gear.
The following steps provide a more detailed guide to harnessing the parachute:
- Lay the harness out on the ground with the reserve chute on top.
- Place the main canopy on top of the reserve chute.
- Connect the main canopy to the harness.
- Put on the harness and thigh straps.
- Adjust the harness to fit tightly.
- Buckle the thighs and chest straps.
- Put on a helmet, altimeter, and any other necessary gear.
| Gear | Purpose |
|---|---|
| Helmet | Protects the head in the event of a fall |
| Altimeter | Measures altitude |
| Goggles | Protects the eyes from wind and debris |
| Gloves | Protects the hands from cold and abrasion |
| Boots | Provides ankle support and protection |
Troubleshooting Common Packing Issues
If you encounter any difficulties while packing your parachute, here are some troubleshooting tips:
1. Canopy Tangles
To resolve canopy tangles, carefully separate the canopy sections and lay them out smoothly. Avoid pulling or jerking, as this can create further tangles.
2. Line Twists
If you notice line twists, isolate the affected lines and rotate the canopy 360 degrees to remove the twists. Ensure that the lines are lying flat and untangled.
3. Reserve Toggles Not Deployed
Inspect the reserve toggles to ensure they are fully deployed. If not, manually pull them until the reserve canopy is fully extended.
4. Lines Not Attached
Verify that all suspension lines are securely attached to the canopy and risers. If any lines are detached, reconnect them carefully following the manufacturer’s instructions.
5. Sliders Not Positioned
Ensure that the slider or sliders are correctly positioned in the center of the canopy. Adjust the risers accordingly to ensure the sliders are in the optimal location.
6. Canopy Not Opening Properly
Inspect the canopy for any damage or obstructions that may prevent it from opening. If the canopy fails to open, perform an emergency landing procedure.
7. Baglock Not Engaged
Confirm that the baglock is securely engaged and the deployment bag is closed properly. If the baglock is not engaged, the parachute may prematurely deploy.
8. Pilot Chute Not Deployed
If the pilot chute does not deploy, check the pilot chute housing for any obstructions. Ensure that the pilot chute attachment lines are clear and untangled.
9. Parachute Malfunction
If you encounter a parachute malfunction, remain calm and activate the reserve parachute immediately. Do not attempt to perform any complex maneuvers or troubleshoot the malfunction. Seek professional assistance from a certified parachute rigger.
| Issue | Troubleshooting Tip |
|---|---|
| Canopy Tangles | Separate canopy sections and lay them out smoothly. |
| Line Twists | Rotate canopy 360 degrees to remove twists. |
| Reserve Toggles Not Deployed | Manually pull reserve toggles until reserve canopy is fully extended. |
| Lines Not Attached | Reconnect detached lines to canopy and risers. |
| Sliders Not Positioned | Adjust risers to ensure sliders are positioned in the center of the canopy. |
Practicing Packing Under Supervision
It is essential to practice packing a parachute under the supervision of an experienced instructor. This supervised practice provides invaluable guidance and ensures that you develop proper techniques and safety protocols. Here are some key tips for practicing under supervision:
- Seek a certified instructor: Choose an instructor who is certified by a recognized parachuting organization and has a proven track record of safe and effective training.
- Follow the manual: Adhere strictly to the manufacturer’s parachute packing manual. Do not deviate from the instructions without consulting your instructor.
- Start with a static line: Initially, practice packing with a static line attached to the ground. This allows you to focus on packing techniques without the added pressure of a freefall jump.
- Pack multiple times: Repeat the packing process several times to gain proficiency and muscle memory. Aim to pack a parachute five to ten times under supervision before attempting a solo pack.
- Inspect each other’s packs: Have your instructor inspect your pack and, in turn, inspect your instructor’s pack. This cross-checking helps identify any potential errors or deviations.
- Ask questions: If you have any doubts or uncertainties, do not hesitate to ask questions. Your instructor is there to provide guidance and ensure your understanding.
- Be patient: Developing proficiency in packing a parachute takes time and practice. Do not get discouraged by initial setbacks. Work consistently and seek feedback from your instructor.
- Avoid shortcuts: Never attempt shortcuts or deviate from established packing procedures. Safety is paramount in parachuting, and the proper packing of a parachute is essential for a successful jump.
- Practice in different conditions: If possible, practice packing in various environmental conditions, such as wind, rain, and cold weather. This will prepare you for real-world scenarios.
- Record your progress: Keep a logbook to track your packing practices, including the number of packs completed, the date, and any observations or feedback received from your instructor.
How to Pack a Parachute
Packing a parachute is a critical skill for skydivers and other adventurers who rely on this equipment for their safety. The process involves carefully folding and arranging the canopy, lines, and other components to ensure proper deployment and a safe landing. Here is a step-by-step guide on how to pack a parachute:
- Lay out the canopy on the ground, with the suspension lines stretched out around it.
- Fold the canopy in half lengthwise, bringing the leading and trailing edges together.
- Fold the canopy in half again, bringing the left and right halves together.
- Roll the canopy up tightly, starting from the bottom and working your way up.
- Secure the canopy with rubber bands or bungee cords.
- Arrange the suspension lines in a figure-8 pattern.
- Wrap the suspension lines around the canopy and secure them with a rubber band or bungee cord.
- Attach the risers to the harness and connect the parachute to the aircraft or jump platform.
People Also Ask
What is the most important step in packing a parachute?
The most important step is folding the canopy correctly. If the canopy is not folded properly, it may not deploy correctly, which could lead to a dangerous landing.
How often should a parachute be repacked?
A parachute should be repacked every 120 jumps or every two years, whichever comes first. However, it is important to consult with a qualified parachute rigger to determine the specific repacking interval for your parachute.
What should I look for when inspecting a parachute before packing?
Before packing a parachute, you should inspect it for any tears, holes, or other damage. You should also check the suspension lines and risers to ensure they are not frayed or damaged.
