Writing in the third person is a crucial technique in academic writing, journalism, and fiction. It involves narrating events and conveying information from an external perspective, focusing on objective observations rather than personal experiences or opinions. Mastering this writing style enhances your credibility, maintains professional distance, and allows readers to engage with the content without distractions. In this guide, we will delve into the nuances of third-person writing, exploring its key principles and offering practical tips to help you craft compelling and effective third-person narratives. Transitioning from first-person to third-person writing can initially feel like a shift in perspective, but with practice and attention to detail, you will find it a valuable tool for conveying information with clarity and objectivity.
To write effectively in the third person, it is essential to adopt a neutral and impartial tone. Avoid using subjective language or personal pronouns like “I,” “me,” or “my.” Instead, rely on third-person pronouns such as “he,” “she,” “they,” and “their” to refer to characters or subjects. Maintaining a consistent point of view is also crucial. Choose a specific perspective, whether it’s limited to one character’s thoughts and feelings or provides an omniscient view of events. Consistency in perspective ensures a cohesive and engaging narrative.Furthermore, pay attention to verb tense and ensure that it aligns with the chronological flow of events. Use past tense to describe completed actions, present tense for ongoing or habitual actions, and future tense to indicate upcoming events or intentions.
In addition to these technical aspects, consider the purpose and audience of your writing. In academic writing, the third person is expected to maintain objectivity and avoid emotional language. In journalism, the third person conveys a sense of authority and trustworthiness, presenting facts and perspectives without bias. Conversely, in fiction, the third person allows writers to create immersive narratives by providing insights into multiple characters’ thoughts and experiences. Understanding the nuances of third-person writing in different contexts will enable you to adapt your approach and achieve the desired impact on your readers.
Understanding Third Person Perspective
Writing in the third person involves narrating events from the perspective of an external observer who is not directly involved in the story. The narrator uses pronouns like “he,” “she,” “they,” and “it” to refer to characters and objects. The third person perspective can be further divided into two main types:
Limited Third Person Point of View
In the limited third person point of view, the narrator focuses on the thoughts and experiences of a single character. The reader gains access to the character’s inner monologue and emotions, providing a deep and intimate understanding of their perspective. This type of perspective allows writers to create a strong connection between the reader and the protagonist.
Omniscient Third Person Point of View
In the omniscient third person point of view, the narrator has unlimited access to the thoughts and experiences of all characters within the story. The narrator can provide insights into the motivations, feelings, and past actions of multiple characters, giving the reader a comprehensive understanding of the world and characters. This type of perspective provides the writer with great flexibility and allows them to explore different perspectives and delve into the complexities of the plot.
Below is a table summarizing the key differences between the two types of third person perspective:
| Limited Third Person Point of View | Omniscient Third Person Point of View | |
|---|---|---|
| Focus | Thoughts and experiences of a single character | Thoughts and experiences of all characters |
| Intimacy | Strong connection between reader and protagonist | Comprehensive understanding of all characters |
| Flexibility | Limited to the perspective of a single character | Allows for exploration of multiple perspectives |
Avoiding Personal Pronouns
In third-person writing, avoid using personal pronouns such as “I,” “you,” “we,” “they,” and “them.” Instead, use indefinite pronouns like “one,” “some,” and “people,” or specific nouns to refer to people. For example:
* Instead of “I think it’s a good idea,” write “It is considered a good idea.”
* Instead of “They are very friendly,” write “The people are very friendly.”
Direct Address
Direct address refers to directly speaking to the reader using words like “you” or “your.” Avoid direct address in third-person writing as it breaks the narrative flow. Instead, use indirect language or passive voice to convey the same idea.
Avoiding Direct Address
| Instead of | Write |
|---|---|
| “You will understand the importance of this concept.” | “The importance of this concept will become apparent.” |
| “Tell me your opinion on this matter.” | “Opinions on this matter are sought.” |
| “I encourage you to pursue this opportunity.” | “Pursuing this opportunity is strongly recommended.” |
By adhering to these guidelines, you can effectively write in the third person, maintaining objectivity and clarity in your writing.
Using Objective Language
When writing in the third person, it’s essential to use objective language. This means avoiding personal pronouns (I, me, mine) and subjective language (e.g., “I believe,” “It seems to me”). Instead, use objective language to convey the facts without inserting your own opinions or interpretations.
Descriptions
Physical Descriptions
When describing a person or object in the third person, be as detailed and descriptive as possible without relying on personal preferences or judgments. Focus on the person or object’s physical attributes, such as height, weight, hair color, and distinctive features. Avoid making generalizations or using subjective adjectives.
Character Descriptions
When describing a character in the third person, consider their personality traits, motivations, and behaviors. Use specific examples to illustrate the character’s qualities without making broad or vague statements. Avoid relying on stereotypes or labels; instead, provide a well-rounded character description that captures the character’s complexities.
| Physical Descriptions | Character Descriptions |
|---|---|
| Height: Tall | Personality Traits: Introverted, analytical |
| Weight: Athletic | Motivations: Desire for knowledge, fear of failure |
| Hair Color: Black, long | Behaviors: Observant, quiet |
| Distinctive Features: Pierced ears, birthmark on left cheek | Flaws: Insecurity, perfectionism |
| Clothing: Casual, comfortable | Strengths: Intelligence, determination |
Maintaining Distance from the Subject
Maintaining distance from the subject in third-person writing requires careful word choice and sentence construction. Here are some specific techniques to employ:
Use objective language: Avoid subjective or judgmental language that conveys personal opinions or biases. Instead, rely on factual descriptions and objective statements.
Maintain a consistent point of view: Choose a specific third-person perspective (e.g., omniscient, limited omniscient, or objective) and adhere to it throughout the writing.
Avoid direct address: Instead of using pronouns like “you” or “your,” refer to the subject indirectly by using their name, title, or other identifying information.
Limit personal pronouns: Using excessive personal pronouns (e.g., he, she, him, her) can create a sense of intimacy and familiarity, which should be avoided in third-person writing.
Example Table
| Subjective Language | Objective Language |
|---|---|
| He’s a brilliant scientist. | Dr. Smith possesses exceptional scientific expertise. |
| She’s a wonderful person. | Ms. Jones is widely regarded as a compassionate and selfless individual. |
Balancing Factuality and Narrative Flow
In third-person writing, maintaining a balance between factual accuracy and narrative flow is crucial. While adherence to facts is essential for credibility, incorporating narrative elements can enhance reader engagement and create a compelling story.
Objectivity and Bias
Third-person writing requires objectivity, avoiding subjective language and personal opinions. Facts should be presented without bias or distortion. Use neutral language, referring to people and events by their proper titles or names.
Sentence Structure and Perspective
Third-person sentences typically follow a subject-verb-object structure, with the subject being the person or thing being discussed. Use active voice unless passive voice is essential for maintaining the flow of the narrative.
Chronological Order and Transitions
Organize information chronologically and use transitional words and phrases to guide the reader through the narrative. Transitions should be seamless, creating a logical progression of events. Avoid abrupt jumps or inconsistencies in the timeline.
Descriptive Details and Sensory Language
To enhance narrative flow, incorporate descriptive details and sensory language. This engages readers’ senses, creating a more vivid and immersive reading experience. However, ensure that these details are selective and relevant to the overall narrative.
Balancing Factual and Creative Elements
The challenge in third-person writing lies in finding a balance between factual reporting and creative storytelling. While adhering to facts is paramount, injecting creative elements can help paint a richer and more engaging picture of events.
| Factual Elements | Creative Elements |
|---|---|
| Historical facts | Anecdotes and personal stories |
| Statistics and data | Dialogue and character development |
| Objective descriptions | Figurative language and imagery |
By carefully incorporating creative elements into a factual framework, authors can create third-person narratives that are both informative and engaging.
Employing Specialized Third Person Styles
6. The Omniscient Third Person
The omniscient third person narrator stands above the story and possesses access to the thoughts, feelings, and motivations of all characters. This powerful narrative perspective allows for an in-depth exploration of the inner lives of multiple individuals, enabling the reader to gain a comprehensive understanding of the story from diverse viewpoints. Employing the omniscient third person requires the writer to have a nuanced and intricate understanding of each character’s psychology and to present their perspectives in a balanced and non-biased manner. It is a highly versatile narrative style that can elevate a story to remarkable depths of psychological insight and storytelling complexity.
Maintaining Consistency in Voice
Consistency in voice is crucial for maintaining clarity and avoiding confusion in third-person writing. Here are some guidelines to ensure a consistent voice throughout your writing:
| Avoid Shifting Pronouns |
|---|
| Use the same pronoun (he, she, it, they) to refer to the same character or subject throughout your writing. |
| Use the Correct Tense |
|---|
| Maintain the same tense (past, present, or future) throughout your writing, especially when referring to events or actions. |
| Use Consistent Verb Forms |
|---|
| Use consistent verb forms (active or passive voice) to maintain a consistent voice throughout your writing. |
| Avoid Using the First or Second Person |
|---|
| Third-person writing should always be objective and avoid using pronouns like “I” or “you.” |
| Proofread for Consistency |
|---|
| Carefully proofread your writing to ensure that the voice and pronouns used are consistent throughout. |
| Use a Style Guide |
|---|
| Following a style guide, such as the Chicago Manual of Style or the AP Stylebook, can help ensure consistency in voice and grammar. |
| Consider the Audience |
|---|
| The intended audience may influence the voice of your writing. Consider the level of formality and objectivity required for your particular audience. |
The Role of Verb Tense in Third Person Writing
Choosing the appropriate verb tense is crucial in third-person writing to accurately convey the time and perspective of the events being described. Here’s a detailed breakdown of the verb tenses used in third-person writing:
Simple Present Tense
The simple present tense describes actions or states that occur in the present moment or are generally true:
| Example | |
|---|---|
| Singular | He writes a letter. |
| Plural | They live in a small town. |
Simple Past Tense
The simple past tense describes actions or events that occurred in the past:
| Example | |
|---|---|
| Singular | He wrote a letter yesterday. |
| Plural | They lived in a small town. |
….
Present Perfect Tense
The present perfect tense describes actions or events that began in the past and continue into the present or have just been completed:
| Example | |
|---|---|
| Singular | He has written many letters. |
| Plural | They have lived in a small town for years. |
Tips for Effective Third Person Storytelling
Establish a Clear Point of View
Choose a specific character as the focal point of the narrative and consistently maintain their perspective. Avoid switching between multiple POVs, as it can confuse readers.
Use Vivid Language
Employ sensory details, descriptive adjectives, and metaphors to paint a vivid picture in the reader’s mind. Avoid clichés and strive for originality in your language.
Limit Head Hopping
Avoid jumping into another character’s mind unless absolutely necessary. Focus on the thoughts and emotions of the chosen POV character.
Choose the Right Pronoun
Use “he,” “she,” or “they” consistently to refer to the POV character. Avoid using “I” or “you” as these can break the illusion of objectivity.
Maintain Objectivity
Present the events as they happen without adding personal opinions or biases. Allow the readers to draw their own conclusions.
Use Transition Words
Smoothly connect ideas and paragraphs using transition words like “afterward,” “meanwhile,” and “in contrast.” This helps readers follow the narrative flow.
Vary Sentence Structure
Mix short and long sentences, complex and simple ones, to create a dynamic and engaging reading experience.
Show, Don’t Tell
Instead of simply stating emotions, use actions and dialogue to convey inner states. This allows readers to experience the characters’ feelings firsthand.
Consider the Narrative Distance
Determine the level of proximity between the narrator and the characters. A close third person narrator offers intimate access to the characters’ thoughts, while a distant narrator maintains a more objective stance.
Ethical Considerations in Third Person Writing
Objectivity and Neutrality
Maintain an objective and neutral tone. Avoid expressing personal opinions or biases. Present facts clearly and accurately to avoid misleading or influencing readers.
Respect for Individuals
Treat all individuals fairly and respectfully. Use names and pronouns correctly. Avoid making generalizations or stereotypes. Ensure that quoted material is used responsibly and does not violate privacy.
Sensitive Topics
Approach sensitive topics, such as race, gender, and religion, with empathy and respect. Use language that is inclusive and non-discriminatory. Avoid perpetuating stereotypes or promoting harmful narratives.
Conflicting Perspectives
When presenting conflicting perspectives, provide fair and balanced treatment to all sides. Avoid using loaded language or making assumptions about the credibility of different viewpoints.
Attribution and Sources
Properly attribute information to its original sources. Cite references to ensure transparency and maintain the integrity of the writing.
Anonymity and Privacy
Respect the privacy of individuals by using anonymous sources or pseudonyms when appropriate. Obtain informed consent before using personal information in a public context.
Balanced Coverage
Provide balanced coverage of events and issues. Avoid giving undue prominence to specific viewpoints or perspectives. Ensure that the writing reflects a comprehensive and fair representation of the topic.
Objectivity and Truth
Prioritize objectivity and truthfulness in your writing. Avoid sensationalism, exaggeration, or the spread of misinformation. Present facts accurately and without distortion.
Integrity and Accountability
Maintain the highest levels of integrity and accountability in your writing. Acknowledge any errors or omissions and make corrections promptly. Be transparent about your research process and sources.
How to Write in the 3rd Person
Writing in the third person means that you’re telling a story from the perspective of an outside observer. The narrator is not involved in the action of the story, and instead simply reports on what happens. This can be a useful perspective for telling stories that are objective and unbiased, or for creating a sense of distance between the reader and the characters.
To write in the third person, you’ll need to use third-person pronouns (he, she, they, him, her, them) to refer to your characters. You’ll also need to be consistent with your point of view, and make sure that the narrator never slips into the first or second person.
Here are some tips for writing in the third person:
- Choose a point of view and stick to it.
- Use third-person pronouns to refer to your characters.
- Be objective and unbiased in your narration.
- Create a sense of distance between the reader and the characters.
People Also Ask About How to Write in the 3rd Person
What is the difference between first person and third person?
First person is when the narrator is telling the story from their own point of view, using “I” and “me.” Third person is when the narrator is telling the story from the perspective of an outside observer, using “he,” “she,” “they,” “him,” “her,” and “them.”
When should I use third person?
You should use third person when you want to tell a story that is objective and unbiased, or when you want to create a sense of distance between the reader and the characters.
How can I avoid head hopping in third person?
Head hopping is when the narrator suddenly switches from one character’s point of view to another. To avoid head hopping, make sure to choose a point of view and stick to it throughout the story.
